篇一：以双减为主题的论文参考文献
kcal千卡3969btu英热单位btu英热单位252cal卡kcal千卡427kgm千克米kw千瓦860kca1h千卡时美国冷吨3024kca1h千卡时日本冷吨3320kca1h千卡时正常情况下家用可按每平方米配制冷量200w来计算空调的大小办公室或商用应根据人员多少及密封保温条件适当加大空调的制冷量
1 匹等于 1 马力，单位为 HP；1 匹=0.735KW 电机一般是以马力为单位的， 1HP（0.75KW) 1.5HP（1.1KW) 2HP（1.5KW) 3HP（2.2KW) 5HP（3.7KW) 7.5HP（5.5KW) 10HP（7.5KW) 15HP（11KW) 20HP（15.KW) 25HP（18.5KW) 30HP（22KW) 40HP（30KW) 50HP（37KW) 75HP（55KW) 100HP（75KW) 空调等制冷设备及变频器也是按以上的规格生产的！ 国外用匹分析：horsepower （hp 马力）：功率的常用单位，它是工程技术上常用的一种计量功率的单位。
是指米制马力而不是英制马力，英国、美国等一些国家采用的是英制马力。1 英 制马力等于 550 英尺·磅/秒，等于 745.7 瓦特。在 18 世纪后期，英国物理学家 瓦特（1736—1819）为了测定新制造出来的蒸汽机的功率，他把马力的定义规定 为在 1 分钟内把 1000 磅的重物升高 33 英尺的功，这就是英制马力，用字母 HP 表示。指的是米制的马力，它的规定完全是人为的，它取了一个非常接近英制马 力的值。规定 1 米制马力是在 1 秒钟内完成 75 千克力·米的功。即：1 米制马 力=75 千克力·米/秒=735 瓦特。1 英制马力=1.0139 米制马力。米制马力没有专 门的字母表示，1 米制马力的值和 1 英制马力的值也是不同的。马力在我国法定 计量单位中已废除。
焦耳与卡之间的换算为：
1 kJ(千焦耳)＝0.239kcaI(千卡)
l kcal(千卡)＝4.19kJ(千焦耳)
其它常用换算公式为：
1 kcal(千卡)＝3.969 Btu(英热单位)
l Btu(英热单位)＝252 cal(卡)
1 kcal(千卡)＝427 kg·m(千克·米)
1 kW(千瓦)＝860 kca1／h(千卡／时)
1 美国冷吨＝3024 kca1／h(千卡／时)
1 日本冷吨＝3320 kca1／h(千卡／时)
正常情况下，家用可按每平方米配制冷量 200W 来计算空调的大小，办公室或商 用应根据人员多少及密封保温条件适当加大空调的制冷量。
当然，除了房间面 积大小外，还要综合考虑房间的密封保温条件、楼层、朝向、高度等因素。
家用电器要消耗制冷量的较大部分，电视、电灯、冰箱等每 w（瓦）功率要消耗 制冷量 1（w）；
门窗的方向也要消耗一定的制冷量，东面窗 150W/m2，西面窗 280W/m2，南面窗 180W/m2，北面窗 100W/m2，如是楼顶及西晒可考虑适当增加制冷量。在选择空 调时，请您根据以上介绍，估算一下自己家所需制冷量的大小，从而选到满意的 空调机。
空调器制冷量只能多不能少，否者定速机不停机或者变频机总以全速运转直至保 护启动，影响使用.
篇二：以双减为主题的论文参考文献
Knowledge is obtained from hard work, and any achievement is the result of hard work.悉心整理 助您一臂 （页眉可删）
2021 年员工离职原因分析
员工离职，特别是老员工的离职，对于大多数情况下实际上 是一个双输的格局。
企业损失了熟悉公司业务和文化的干将，损失了业务传承、 新业务机会、客户资源、文化传承、甚至在职员工感受等等，带 来了负面信息传播、业务交接传承、新员工不能胜任的风险，增 加了离职、招聘、培训等各种人力成本;而对于员工来讲，也不 是总能收获更好的结果，他要冒着新工作不能适应、文化不能融 合、没有朋友、员工关系不易相处、福利减少、晋升机会需要重 新争取等等未知的风险。
只有少数情况是一赢一输的状况(公司希望员工离职或者员 工在新公司各方面都有提升)，双赢的情况更是少之又少。员工 离职大多都是忍无可忍的情况下才采取这种双输的激进做法，以 换取内心的平衡，那么企业为什么不去好好研究员工为什么离职 呢?
离职并不是员工对公司不满的开始阶段，而是激化阶段。也 就是说员工离职之前已经对公司不满已久，他们先是厌倦，然后 不快乐，然后不满意，然后抱怨，最后抱怨加重忍无可忍，这是
经过长期的心理斗争才做出的理性判断，而不是一时的头脑发 热，他们要权衡利弊，考虑得失，考虑生活所需等各个方面。也 正因为如此，做离职前面谈，期望留住员工几乎不能成功。
从不同层级员工离职的原因分析，基层员工、中层员工和高 层员工离职原因大多数是不同的，后面将专门来讲如何分层级的 用人和留人。
光从在职时间长短来讲，员工进公司 2 周离职，与 HR 的入 职沟通有关;3 个月内离职，与不能适应工作和工作内容本身有 关;6 个月内离职，与直接上级有关;2 年左右离职，与企业文化 有关;3-5 年离职，与晋升空间受限有关;5 年以上离职，与厌倦 和进步速度不平衡有关。
其实，每个时间段的里面仍然包络万象，前面两种情况，点 到为止，作为 hr 应该都知道该怎么做了。
1、入职 2 周离职
入职两周离职，说明新员工看到的实际状况(包括公司环境、 入职培训、接待、待遇、制度等方方面面的第一感受)与预期产 生了较大差距。
我们要做的是，在入职面谈时把实际情况尽可能的讲清楚， 不隐瞒也不渲染，让新员工能够客观的认识他的新东家，这样就 不会有巨大的心理落差，不要担心即将到手的新人不来了，该走
的总是留不住;遇到问题搜公众号人力资源心理学，然后把入职 的各个环节工作进行系统梳理，包括从招聘到通知入职、报道、 入职培训、与用人部门交接等环节，充分考虑到新人的感受和内 心需求，进行系统规划和介绍，让新人感受到被尊重、被重视， 让他了解他想了解的内容。
2、入职 3 个月离职
入职 3 个月离职，主要与工作本身有关。有被动离职，这里 只讲主动离职，说明我们的岗位设置、工作职责、任职资格、面 试标准方面存在某些问题，需要认真审查是哪方面的原因，以便 及时补救，降低在招聘环节的无效劳动。
3、入职 6 个月离职
入职 6 个月离职的，多半与直接上级的'领导有关，即经理 效应--他能不能取得卓越成绩最大影响因素来自于他的直接上 司。人力资源部门要想办法让公司的管理者们接受领导力培训， 了解并掌握基本的领导力应具备的素质。管理者要了解下级的优 势，并让他的优势与岗位职责匹配，为公司发挥最大效用，同时 也让员工体现出了他的价值。
一个优秀的管理者就是一个教练，他有义务和责任发掘潜能 和优势，并培养下属，成为下属成功的重要推动力。同一个部门 换一个领导结果可能完全不一样，同样一批员工的表现可能也截
然相反，一个可能团队战斗力十足、激情四射，另一个可能会导 致抱怨漫天、团队涣散、离职频发。
直接上级应该是最先了解下属的各种动向和倾向的，他的一 句话可能解决问题也能造成矛盾，如果没有处理好，队伍士气下 降、战斗力下滑，就会进入不良循环。因此在 1 年期内离职的员 工较多的团队，要注意他的直接上级可能出问题了。
4、2 年左右离职
2 年左右离职，与企业文化有关系。一般对企业已经完全了 解，各种处事方式、人际关系、人文环境、授权、职业发展等等 了解的都很全面，甚至包括公司战略、老板的爱好。
企业文化好的公司，在招聘环节对应聘者的价值观方面会有 全面考察，希望新员工能融入到公司文化中，为文化的持续优化 添砖加瓦;而企业文化不太好的公司，对应聘者的价值观要求不 是太高，往往只是片面考察，希望他们进来能净化和改良文化氛 围，但事与愿违：
第一，他们自身的价值观取向可能就有问题或有缺陷;
第二，即使他们价值观趋向都是正向的，但一个人的力量无 法与长久形成的氛围相匹敌;
第三，新员工入职，都在努力融入到团队，尽量表现的不那 么离群，因此更容易被同化。
当公司文化与新员工价值观冲突到一定程度，甚至达到临界 或突破原则，就会导致关系破裂，离职就在所难免。作为企业， 要每日三省吾身，察觉到公司内的不良因素，公司不在大小，都 需要良好的工作氛围让员工愉悦。
5、3-5 年离职
3-5 年离职，与职业发展有关。学习不到新知识和技能，薪 酬提升空间不大，没有更多高级职位提供，此时员工最好的解决 办法就是跳槽。但对企业来讲，这个阶段的员工应该价值最大， 离职损失较大。
因此要根据不同类型员工的需求结构不同，设计合理的职业 发展通道;了解员工的心理动态，倾听他们的心声;调研职业市场 供求关系，主动调整薪酬、职位设计，遇到问题搜公众号人力资 源心理学，我们的目的是保留员工，其他的政策都可以根据情况 灵活调整。
6、5 年以上离职
5 年以上的员工，忍耐力增强。此时离职一方面是职业厌倦 导致，我们需要给予他新的职责，多一些创新类工作，来激发他 们的积极性。另一方面是个人发展与企业发展速度不统一导致， 谁发展的慢就成了被淘汰的对象，员工疏于学习、停滞不前，必
然让企业逐渐疏远和冷落;企业发展太慢，员工的上升空间打不 开，对于事业心重的员工看不到新的希望，必然会另谋高就了。
以上从在职时间长短角度考虑的离职主要原因，具体还要根 据实际情况进行判断，及时作出调整，把离职率控制在最低，企 业的损失也将是最小的。
篇三：以双减为主题的论文参考文献
双减论文
国家政策对于行业动向的引导作用是显而易见的。之前就当是政治书 上的一句话，历史书上的一个图片，地理书上的一个名称。也许只有当是 亲历者才会体会其中厉害。
现在回想起来，我们生活琐碎方方面面都离不开国家的引导。我是 2015 届大学生扩招的幸运儿。国家把高考录取率扩张到 80%,不管是一本，二本 还是三本，只要上了国家线就能够有适宜的大学上。把这个政策当作一颗 糖果奖励给那时努力的自己，暗自发奋图强要好好学习，学本领学专业知 识，让自己变得更加优秀。不负时光和诺言,一路顺风拿了国家励志奖学金， 参加运动会拿奖，做了国家级课题项目，努力考试拿到专业领域证书。
疯狂张扬自己的青春，直到 2019 年毕业，考研失利。正值线上教育的 发展初创期，就这样凭借大学时期的自信和经验进入了我司，成为一名普 通的在线辅导老师。兢兢业业的工作上课，严守老师的初心和生活的底色， 努力上进。时间走过一年俩年，经历过的人应该都知道其中苦乐，转眼来 到了 2021 年，疫情的影响，洪灾涝灾，台风烟花,貌似短暂的平静并没有 影响动荡的局势。国家出台放开三胎政策,打压资本介入教育领域，双减政 策再出重拳，我们整个教培行业摇摇欲坠。
现在的我们就像是待宰的羔羊，前期跳跃挣扎蹦哒害怕极了，中期绝望 里带着一丝希望，准备拿起法律武器捍卫自己的权益，后期安静等待，直 到尘埃落定，接受现实，想下一步去向。现在的局面就好像是蝴蝶才慢慢 开始煽动翅膀，环境一下肃静了，竞争更加激烈了,继续为生计四散奔走。
双减论文
今年教育体制改革力度前所未有，双减政策是这次改革中的重中之重。
不过很多家长对双减政策的真实意义不够深入，心里产生焦虑。这种焦虑 表现在三个方面：
一、 没有辅导班孩子成绩不好怎么办？ 现在家长都忙于工作，辅导孩子时间几乎没有，遇到孩子成绩不好就直 接送辅导班，这好像成为了俗成的办法。没有了辅导班，看着孩子成绩不 好没有好的解决办法，产生了心理焦虑。
二、 小学取消了考试，怎么知道孩子成绩学得好不好？ 教育部规定，小学取消一二年级书面考试。三到六年级一学期也只允许 一次期末考试。对于家长来说，考试成绩是衡量孩子学习好坏的标准，每 次考试都会问：考多少分，假如成绩不理想难免会怒气冲冠，不是动口， 就是动手。现在不知道考试成绩，家长是不是会产生焦虑，我家孩子在学 校到底学得怎么？ 三、 减少了课外作业，会不会影响孩子的成绩？ 没有了辅导班，没有了考试，现在连孩子作业都没了。以前放学回来第 一句话就是：先做作业，作业做好了再出去玩。现在看到孩子在学校也没 有什么作业，回家了还是没有什么作业，这样下去成绩能好吗？ 其实家长这种焦虑是旧的教育方式在桎梏着我们的思想，以前我们只看 重孩子的学习成绩。想着孩子一定要考上大学出人头地。现在是注重孩子 的素质教育，学习成绩不是考核孩子学习的唯一标准。没有过硬的素质教 育，孩子就是成绩再好，在人生的道路上也会出现各种各样的波折。
据资料显示，学生患抑郁症的比例高达 50%,而且还有一部分向重度抑郁 发展。近几年学生 zs 或犯罪的事例也时有所闻。这说明以前盯着考试成绩 的教育方式必须得改变了，注重素质教育势在必行。
作为家长，我们怎样消除焦虑迎接双减呢？ 一、 转变思想观点，转移培养重心。
孩子能不能考上大学与上不上辅导班没有什么直接联系，双减工作是要 求我们在减轻孩子学习负担的同时，养成好的学习习惯。把孩子培养成为 具有好的学习成绩，还有一个强健的体魄、高尚的情操的人。
二、 要经常与老师沟通，主动理解孩子的学习情况。
家长对取消书面考试的焦虑有一定的道理，是因为没有了考试，对孩子 的学习没有一个评定标准，无法理解孩子学习情况。学习成绩不是判定孩 子成长的唯一标准，平时我们要注意与学校经常联络，理解孩子在学校的 学习情况，而且不但仅注重学习成绩，还应该注重孩子德育、智育、兴趣 爱好等各方面的情况。
教育改革是一个大的工程，作为家长我们首先应该转变思想，配合教育 改革，相信国家，相信自己的孩子，也要相信自己在新的教育环境下，也 一定能用新的教育方式把孩子培养成一个优秀的人。
双减论文
今年暑假，国家出台了双减政策，家庭、教育界乃至整个社会反响都很 大，双减政策无疑是学生们的福音。
双减政策是什么意思呢？义务教育的双减是减轻学生的学习负担，减轻 学生的作业量，还有多点课余时间去发展学生的综合素质。现在校外各类
学科类培训机构均占用了学生们法定的节假日、休息日以及寒暑假时间实 行培训补课，让学生们根本没有多余的时间去提升自身的综合水平。在中 小学阶段，孩子的全面发展特别重要。不能把所有的精力都用在学科类的 学习上，到了大学或者出到社会，工作中除了专业的知识，还需要其它很 多水平，比方：当众讲话的水平、团队协作的水平、与工作关系看不大的 技能和才艺，少了这些水平，就只能做一个完成基本工作的底层员工。
在实际生活中，双减政策对我个人来说，其实没什么影响，因为我到当 前为止，没有去报读过校外培训班。我会尽量利用课余时间做我自己喜欢 的事情，而且学校的作业量并不多，完全不需要以减少作业量来达到双减。
只有做了适当的练习作业，才能知道自己对知识的掌握水准。
在社会上存有一些校外培训机构，最初可能是以教育为本，而随着时间 演变，它们打着各种旗号、变着花样去大量招生，慢慢变成了以营利为目 的。所以，国家才即时出台了双减等一系列的政策来约束他们。
总来说之，作为义务阶段的学生要明白，双减这个政策绝对不是让我们 不写作业、不学习、只顾玩乐，而是让我们把握好在学校学习的每一分每 一秒，好好学习，努力进取，在相同的时间内做更有意义、更有价值的事 情。
篇四：以双减为主题的论文参考文献
The Old Man and The Sea 老人与海 by Ernest Hemingway 欧内斯特-海明威 Part 1 He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf [ɡʌlf] Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him。
But after forty days without a fish the boy's parents had told him that the old man was now definitely ［'definitli］清楚的 and finally salao， which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week. 他一个老人，划着小船独自在墨西哥湾中捕鱼；八十四天了还没有捕到过一条鱼.最 初的四十天里，小男孩一直都跟着他，而四十天后，男孩的父母便告诉孩子说：这 老人的运气肯定是跌到了谷底，简直就是倒霉透顶了。于是男孩在他父母亲的命令 下，转到了另外一条船上去捕鱼，结果不出一个星期，就捕到了三条大鱼。
It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled ［kɔild]盘绕 lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled ［fə：l]卷起 around the mast [mɑ：st, mæst] 桅杆. The sail was patched［pætʃ］打补丁 with flour sacks and, furled，it looked like the flag of permanent ['pə:mənənt]永久的 defeat。
然而，男孩看着老人日复一日驾着那空空的小船回来，总是为他感到难过。因此总 会在老人回来时，上前帮忙提绳索、鱼钩、鱼叉以及从船桅上卸下的船帆等。老人 的船帆上满是用面粉袋做成的补钉，使得帆布卷起来时,好似一面象征无限败战的旗 帜。
The old man was thin and gaunt ［ɡɔ:nt]憔悴的 with deep wrinkles[’riŋkl］皱纹 in the back of his neck. The brown blotches［blɔtʃ］斑点 of the benevolent［bi'nevələnt］
慈善的 skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic［'trɔpik]热带的 sea were on his cheeks［tʃi：k]面颊。
老人消瘦、憔悴,颈后有很深的皱纹。而从热带海洋的海面上反射出来的强烈阳光， 在老人的双颊上,留下了一块块良性皮肤癌棕色的斑点。
The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased[kri:st］有折痕的 scars from handling heavy fish on the cords［kɔ:dz]用 灯 芯 做 的 衣 物 . But none of these scars were fresh 。
They were as old as erosions[i’rəuʒən］侵蚀 in a fishless desert。
老人除了两颊布满斑点，双手则刻着深深的勒痕，那是操作粗鱼绳的结果。这些疤 痕没有一处是新的伤口，它们就如同一个了无生机的沙漠所经历过的侵蚀那样久远。
Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated。
老人是这么的苍老,但唯有双眼依旧有着像海水一样的颜色，既充满了欢愉,也好像是 从来没有被打败过似的。
”Santiago [，sænti:'eiɡəu］，” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff was hauled [hɔ:l] up。
”I could go with you again。
We’ve made some money.” 小船被拖曳上岸,老人与男孩爬上了岸边时，小男孩向老人说:「山帝亚哥，我可以再 跟你一起去捕鱼，我们也曾经一起赚过一些钱.」 The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him. 老人曾经教导小男孩如何捕鱼，而男孩也很敬爱这位老人. "No,” the old man said. ”You're with a lucky boat. Stay with them.” 「不,」老人说：「你现在跟上的是一条幸运的船，要好好继续待在那儿。」
"But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks." sd29426 72F2 狲 32551 7F27 缧 24430 5F6E 彮 28086 6DB6 涶 N[
「但是你记得吗？曾经有一次，一连八十七天都没有捕到鱼，然后接下来连续三个 礼拜，每天都有捕到大鱼呢。」 "I remember,” the old man said。
”I know you did not leave me because you doubted。” 「我记得，」老人说：「而且我也知道，你并不是因为对我失去信心而离弃我。」 ”It was papa made me leave. I am a boy and I must obey[əu’bei] 听从 him.” 「是爸爸要我离开你的。我是个小孩，我必须要听他的话。」 ”I know,” the old man said。
"It is quite[kwait] normal。” "He hasn't much faith。" "No，" the old man said。
”But we have. Haven’t we？" ”Yes，" the boy said. ”Can I offer you a beer on the Terrac［e 'terəs，-is]平台 and then we’ll take the stuff home。
" 「我了解，」老人说：「这是很正常的事.」「他太没有信心了.」「他们是没有，」 老人说:「但是我们有呀，不是吗？」「是啊，」男孩说:「让我先请你到露天酒店喝 杯啤酒，然后我们再一起把这些东西拿回家去吧。」 "Why not？" the old man said， ”Between fishermen.” 「好啊，」老人说：「打渔的都是一家人嘛。」 They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry. Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad。
But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had
drifted［drift］漂流 their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen。
当他们在露天酒店坐下时，许多先前就待在那儿的渔夫都在嘲笑老人，而他并没有 因此生气；其它一些年纪较长的渔夫只是看着他，为他难过，不过他们并没有把这 份同情表露出来，只是很礼貌地谈论着今天的水流情况、鱼线所垂钓的深度、稳定 的好天气,以及海上的所见所闻。
-——-—-—-——-——--—---—---—-—-—--———————---————-————---————----————-—--—---—--—---—-----—----——--———---—--—---—-—-—-————-———--—-——-—---—-——--—--——-———----————-—-—-—-— —-—--——---Part2 The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered['butʃə］屠杀 屠夫 their marlin[’mɑ：lin］枪鱼 out and carried them laid full length across two planks[plæŋk]厚木板, with two men staggering［'stæɡə］蹒跚 at the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Havana。
Those who had caught sharks had taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove[kəuv］小湾小凹 where they were hoisted[hɔist］起重升起 on a block and tackle［’tækl］滑车（滑车组）， their livers['livə]肝脏居民 removed, their fins[fin］鳍 cut off and their hides[haid］隐藏 skinned out and their flesh［fleʃ］肉 cut into strips[strip］条状 for salting。
当天有鱼获的几个渔夫都已经回来了,他们将捕到的马林鱼剖腹处理后，摊平放在两 块厚木板上，一头一个人抬着,两人抬着鱼摇摇晃晃地走进鱼屋，等着冷冻车来将他 们载往哈瓦那的市场去。而那些捕到鲨鱼的渔夫，也已经把那些鲨鱼送到在小海湾
另一边的鲨鱼工厂去了,在那儿鲨鱼被滑轮垂吊起来，然后被取下肝、割掉鳍、剥下 皮，肉也被割成条状准备用盐来腌。
When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbor[’hɑ:bə]庇护 海港 from the shark factory；
but today there was only the faint［'feint]模糊的 edge of the odor['əudə]气味 名声 because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace. 每当东风吹起，鲨鱼工厂的鱼腥味便飘过港湾吹过来，但是今天只能嗅到一些微弱 的腥味，因为风向已转往北方，且逐渐平息了,露天酒店上阳光充足而宜人。
”Santiago，” the boy said。
"Yes，” the old man said。
He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago. ”Can I go out to get sardines['sɑ：di：n， sɑ:’di:n]沙丁 鱼 for you for tomorrow？” ”No。
Go and play baseball。
I can still row[rəu]划船 and Rogelio will throw the net." ”I would like to go. If I cannot fish with you， I would like to serve in some way。" 23175 5A87 媇 q&d21920 55A0 喠 38802 9792 鞒 23537 5BF1 寱 M
「山帝雅哥，」男孩叫着。「喔!」老人应了一声。他手握着酒杯，正沈浸在多年前 的往事回忆中.「我可以出去帮你准备明天要用的沙丁鱼吗？」「不,你去玩棒球吧. 我还可以自己划船,而且罗吉里奥委会替我撒网的。」「我想要跟你一道去。即使我 不能跟你一起捕鱼，至少我可以在旁边帮帮忙。」 "You bought me a beer，” the old man said。
"You are already a man.” ”How old was I when you first took me in a boat?” ”Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly tore the boat to pieces。
Can you remember?”
•
「你请我喝啤酒了啊，」老人说，「你已经是一个大人了。」「你第一次你带
我上船的时候，我是几岁呢?」五岁，那次我把一条活蹦乱跳的鱼拖到船上，那家伙
差点把我们的船毁了,你也差点丢了小命！还能想起来吗?
"I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing。
I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet
coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me。" 「我记得那条鱼拍打尾巴,打断了船板，还有你用棍子敲打它的声音，我记得，你把 我丢进入船头，那里有一堆潮湿的绳索,我感觉整条船都在摇摆，并且听见你用棍子 打那条鱼的声音，简直就像是在砍树似的，而我满身都是甜甜的血腥味。」
”Can you really remember that or did I just tell it to you?" "I remember everything from when we first went together。" The old man looked at him with his sun—burned, confident loving eyes. "If you were my boy I'd take you out and gamble，" he said。
"But you are your father’s and your mother’s and you are in a lucky boat.” 「你真的能够记得这些吗？还是因为我现在告诉你，你才知道的?」「从我们第一次 一起出海，每一件事我都记得很清楚。」老人用他那被阳光照晒、充满信心与爱怜
的眼睛望着他.「如果你是我的孩子，我一定带着你出去,去赌一赌,看我们是不是能够 成功，」他说，「但是,你是你父亲和母亲的孩子，而你现在又在一条幸运的船上。」 "May I get the sardines？ I know where I can get four baits［beit］饵 too。" ”I have mine left from today. I put them in salt in the box。” "Let me get four fresh ones." 「我去弄点沙丁鱼来好吗？我还知道哪里可以弄到四个鱼饵哩。」「今天我自己还 有剩下一些。已经放在盒子里用盐腌起来了。」「还是让我去弄四个新鲜的来吧.」 ”One，” the old man said。His hope and his confidence had never gone. But now they were freshening[’freʃən] 显得 新鲜 as when the breeze rises 。
”Two," the boy
said。
”Two,” the old man agreed. "You didn't steal them？" ”I would，" the boy said。
"But I bought these.” 「一个就够了，」老人说。他的希望和信心从未消失过,而现在，一股崭新的希望和 信心又如微风冉冉升起了。「两个，」男孩说。「两个就两个吧！」老人同意了， 「你该不会是去偷的吧？」「我可能会噢！」男孩说：「不过这两个我是用买的。」 "Thank you，" the old man said。
He was too simple to wonder when he had attained ［ə'tein]取得 humility［hju：’miləti]谦逊. But he knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful[dis'ɡreisful]可耻的 and it carried no loss［lɔs, lɔ：s］亏损 of true pride. "Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current，” he said. ”Where are you going？” the boy asked. 「谢谢你，」老人说。他实在太单纯了,也没有想到过他何时变得如此谦虚，但他知 道已经学会了谦虚,他认为谦虚并不丢脸，何况这又无损于内心那份真正的骄傲。「从 这样的水流看来，明天会是好天气.」他说。「你明天到什么地方去?」小孩子问道。
-—---—————-———-—----——-——-——-—————---—-——-——-———-—-——— -—--———-——--———--—-——---——----—-—-——--—-————————--—----—— ———————-—-—------———-——--—----————--—-——-——————--------—— —-——-———-————--——-—----—-——-----——-—--———-----—-——----—--——— —---——-—-—-————-----———-—-——-———-—--—-----—-----—----—--——-——————-——-———-——----—--— Part 3 "Far out to come in when the wind shifts[ʃift］移动。
I want to be out before it is light。"
「能去多远的地方就去，只要风转向的时候能回得来就好.我想在天破晓之前就出 发.」 26216 6668 晨 23259 5ADB 嫛 29957 7505 甅 33082 813A 脺 24961 6181 憁 Ys30765 782D 砭
"I'll try to get him to work far out，” the boy said。
”Then if you hook[huk]吊钩 something truly big we can come to your aid.” 「我会设法让我的船开远一点，」男孩说：「这样如果你钓到一条什么大鱼的话我 们也好帮你的忙。」 ”He does not like to work too far out。" ”No，" the boy said。
”But I will see something that he cannot see such as a bird working and get him to come out after dolphin[’dɔlfin] 海豚." "Are his eyes that bad？" "He is almost blind.” ”It is strange，” the old man said。
”He never went turtle-ing['tə：tl］龟。
That is what kills the eyes。" 「他不喜欢到太远的地方去工作吧。」「是不喜欢，」男孩说：「可是，他看不见 的，我却可以看得到，譬如，我看见鸟在捕鱼时，就可以叫他追上去捕海豚哩。」 「他的眼力真的那么差吗？」「几乎快瞎了。」「那就奇怪了,」老人说:「他从来没 有去捕过海龟，那才真的是伤眼力呢!」
"But you went turtle—ing for years off？ the Mosquito［mə’ski：təu]蚊子 Coast and your eyes are good。” ”I am a strange old man。" "But are you strong enough now for a truly big fish？” "I think so. And there are many tricks[triks］技巧。" "Let us take the stuff home," the boy said。
"So I can get the cast net and go after the sardines." They picked up the gear from the boat。
The old man carried the mast on
his shoulder and the boy carried the wooden box with the coiled， hard-braided brown lines, the gaff and the harpoon with its shaft。
「可是，你在蚊子海岸外捕海龟那么多年,你的眼力依然很好啊？」「我是一个奇怪 的老头子.」「那你现在是不是还有足够的体力来应付一条大鱼呢?」「我相信没有问 题,而且我还有很多诀窍。」「我们先把这些东西拿回家，」男孩说:「再顺便拿张网， 捕些沙丁鱼去。」他们把鱼具从船上拿出来，老人把桅杆扛在他的肩膀上,小男孩抱 着木箱子，里面装满了一卷卷结实的棕色绳索、鱼钩和带柄的鱼叉。
The box with the baits［beit］诱饵 was under the stern[stə:n]船尾 of the skiff along with the club[klʌb]棍棒 that was used to subdue[səb'dju:］征服 the big fish when they were brought alongside. No one would steal from the old man but it was better to take the sail and the heavy lines home as the dew［dju：， du:］露水 was bad for them and, though he was quite sure no local people would steal from him, the old man thought that a gaff and a harpoon were needless temptations［temp’teiʃən]引诱 诱惑物 to leave in a boat. They walked up the road together to the old man's shack[ʃæk］棚屋 and went in through its open door. 装鱼饵的箱子和一根棍子一起被放在船尾的底部,这根棍子是用来制伏被拖上船的大 鱼的。照理不会有人要偷老人的东西，不过因为露水会浸蚀这些东西，把帆和沉重 的鱼线都拿回家去还是比较妥当些。老人虽然晓得当地没有人会偷他的东西，但他 认为也不需要把鱼钩与鱼叉留在船上引诱别人。他们一同沿着路走上去,来到老人的 小屋，通过敞开的门走进屋内。
The old man leaned［li：n］倾斜 依靠 the mast with its wrapped[ræpt]有包装的 sail against the wall and the boy put the box and the other gear beside it. The mast was nearly as long as the one room of the shack。
The shack was made of the tough[tʌf]坚硬的 budshields[bʌd ʃi:ld］ 嫩芽保护壳 of the royal palm which are
called guano and in it there was a bed, a table, one chair and a place on the dirt floor to cook with charcoal ［'tʃɑ：kəul］木炭。
On the brown walls of the flattened ['flætnd] 无精打采的， overlapping leaves of the sturdy fibered guano there was a picture in color of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and another of the Virgin of Cobre。
老人将卷着帆的桅杆靠着墙立着，男孩把箱子和其它渔具就放在旁边。桅杆的长度 几乎和整个屋内的空间同长。这茅屋是用棕榈树坚硬的嫩芽护壳所搭造成的，而屋 里有一张床、一张桌子和一把椅子，另外，就在污泥地上,有一小块可以用煤炭煮饭 的地方。茅屋的墙,是以有着坚韧纤维的棕榈叶压平后紧密相迭所构成的；棕色的墙 上挂了一幅彩色的耶稣圣心像,和一张考伯圣女图。
These were relics［'rɛliks]遗骸 of his wife. Once there had been a tinted［’tintid]带色 彩的 photograph of his wife on the wall but he had taken it down because it made him too lonely to see it and it was on the shelf in the corner under his clean shirt。
"What do you have to eat?" the boy asked. ”A pot of yellow rice with fish. Do you want some？" "No. I will eat at home。
Do you want me to make the fire？" ”No. I will make it later on。
Or I may eat the rice cold。" ”May I take the cast net？” ”Of course。" 这些都是他亡妻的遗物.墙上也曾经挂着一张他妻子的彩色照片，但每每触目，总使 他感到无限凄凉，于是他便将它取下放在墙角的架子上，覆盖在一件干净的衬衫下。
「你有什么东西吃呢？」男孩问。「一锅黄米饭和鱼。你要不要来一点?」「不，我 要回家吃。你要不要我帮你升火?」「不用了，待会儿我自己会升。或许我就吃冷饭 也行.」「我可以拿这鱼网吗?」「当然可以」 ———-———-—-——-—-—--———---—----—-—-—--——--—---—-————-—-——————----—-——--—----———--———-—----——--——---—-——----—-—-
——--——-———-——-—-—--------—-—--——--——--—-———------—-——-——-—--—--—-Part 4 There was no cast net and the boy remembered when they had sold it。But they went through this fiction［'fikʃən]虚构 every day. There was no pot of yellow rice and fish and the boy knew this too. 其实根本没有什么鱼网，男孩记得，他们早就把网卖掉了，可是每天都要虚假地表 演一番.小男孩也知道，根本没有一锅黄米饭和鱼. ”Eighty-five is a lucky number，" the old man said。
”How would you like to see me bring one in that dressed out over a thousand pounds?" 「八十五是一个吉利的数字。」这老人说：「你希不希望看到我拖回一条一千磅重 的鱼回来呀？」 23706 5C9A 岚 I32998 80E6 胦＊ 23983 5DAF 嶯’
"I’ll get the cast net and go for sardines 。
Will you sit in the sun in the doorway?" ”Yes. I have yesterday’s paper and I will read the baseball。” 「我去拿网，然后把沙丁鱼带来,你坐在门口晒晒太阳好吗？」「好，这儿还有一张 昨天的报纸,我来看看有什么棒球赛的消息。」 The boy did not know whether yesterday's paper was a fiction too。
But the old man brought it out from under the bed. 这小男孩并不知道这份昨天的报纸是不是也是虚构的，但老人果然从床底下拿出一 份报纸.
"Perico gave it to me at the bodega[bəu’di：ɡə］酒店,” he explained, "I’ll be back when I have the sardines。
I'll keep yours and mine together on ice and we can share them in the morning。
When I come back you can tell me about the baseball。" 「勃瑞戈在酒窖里给我的，」老人解释着。「我弄到沙丁鱼之后就回来，我会把你 的和我的那一份都冰起来，明天早上我们就可以分着用了。等我回来,你跟我讲棒球 赛的消息.」 ”The Yankees cannot lose.” ”But I fear the Indians of Cleveland。" "Have faith in the Yankees my son. Think of the great DiMaggio." ”I fear both the Tigers of Detroit and the Indians of Cleveland.” 「洋基队不可能输的.」「可是我怕克利夫兰的印地安人队啊。」「孩子，要对洋基 队有信心。想想他们里面有个伟大的狄玛基欧。」「我还担心底特律的老虎队和克 利夫兰的印地安队会赢.」 "Be careful or you will fear even the Reds of Cincinnati and the White Sox of Chicago.” "You study it and tell me when I come back." ”Do you think we should buy a terminal of the lottery with an eighty—five？ Tomorrow is the eighty—fifth day。” ”We can do that，" the boy said. ”But what about the eighty-seven of your great record？" ”It could not happen twice。
Do you think you can find an eighty-five?” "I can order one。" ”One sheet. That’s two dollars and a half. Who can we borrow that from？" "That's easy. I can always borrow two dollars and a half." 「你再这样没信心下去，恐怕连辛辛那提的红队和芝加哥的白袜队你都会害怕了！」 「你再仔细研究吧,等我回来时再告诉我结果.」「你看我们要不要买一张尾数是八十 五号的彩券？明天就是第八十五天了.」「我们可以买啊！」男孩说：「但是你那伟 大的八十七天记录，要怎么办？」「现在这种情形不可能再发生第二次了，你想你
能买到八十五号的彩券吗？」「我可以订到一张。」「一张要花两块半，我们能跟 谁借呢？」「这倒容易。我随时可以借到两块半钱。」 "I think perhaps I can too。
But I try not to borrow。
First you borrow。
Then you beg." ”Keep warm old man," the boy said. "Remember we are in September。" ”The month when the great fish come,” the old man said。
"Anyone can be a fisherman in May.” ”I go now for the sardines，” the boy said。
「我想我或许也可以借得到，但我尽量不去借。起先你借钱，再来就是乞讨了。」 「别受了凉，老先生,」小孩说:「要知道现在已经是九月天了。」「这正是大鱼来临 的月份,」老人说:「在五月里，每一个人都可以成为渔夫.」「我现在去拿沙丁鱼。」 男孩说。
When the boy came back the old man was asleep in the chair and the sun was down。
The boy took the old army blanket off the bed and spread it over the back of the chair and over the old man’s shoulders. 男孩回来的时候，老人坐在椅子上睡着了，而太阳也已经下山。小孩把床上的旧军 毯拿来铺在椅背上,并用部分盖着老人的肩膀。
They were strange shoulders, still powerful although very old， and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward. His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun. The old man's head was very old though and with his eyes closed there was no life in his face。
The newspaper lay across his knees and the weight of his arm held it there in the evening breeze. He was barefooted。
老人的肩膀虽然年老，但依旧健壮有力，他的脖子也还是那么坚挺，即使是睡着， 头朝前垂下，颈上的皱纹仍不太明显.他的衬衫就像他的帆一样,补过好多次补钉，而
随着长久以来阳光的照射，这些补钉早已褪成深浅不同的颜色。不过，老人的头部 却显得相当衰老,只要他把眼睛闭上，脸上便看不出任何生命的迹象了。报纸摊在他 的膝盖上,二只手臂的重量使它不被黄昏的微风吹走。老人的双脚赤裸着。
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The boy left him there and when he came back the old man was still asleep。
”Wake up old man," the boy said and put his hand on one of the old man’s knees。
The old man opened his eyes and for a moment he was coming back from a long way away. Then he smiled. ”What have you got?" he asked。
”Supper," said the boy。
”We’re going to have supper.” "I'm not very hungry." "Come on and eat. You can't fish and not eat. ”I have，” the old man said getting up and taking the newspaper and folding it. Then he started to fold the blanket. 男孩留他一个人睡着。当他回来的时候，老人仍在熟睡中。「醒醒吧，老先生！」 男孩把手放在老人一边的膝盖上说。老人睁开了眼，过了好一会儿才醒过来，他笑 了。「你弄到些什么东西？」他问。「晚餐。」小孩说：「我们要吃晚饭了.」「我 并不很饿。」「快来吃嘛!你不能够光打渔而不吃东西呀.」「我有吃。」老人说着站 起来，把报纸迭起来收好.然后开始折毯子。
"Keep the blanket around you，” the boy said. "You'll not fish without eating while I'm alive." "Then live a long time and take care of yourself,” the old man
said， ”What are we eating?" "Black beans and rice， fried bananas， and some stew.” The boy had brought them in a two—decker metal container from the Terrace. The two sets of knives and forks and spoons were in his pocket with a paper napkin wrapped around each set。”Who gave this to you？” "Martin。The owner.” "I must thank him。” 「用毯子围着你的身体嘛！」男孩说:「只要我还活着一天,我绝对不让你光打渔，而 不吃东西。」「那么你就该好好照顾自己，活长一点,」老人问：「我们现在吃什么 呢？」「黑豆、米饭、煎香蕉,还有一些炖肉.」男孩把这些东西装在双层金属容器中， 从露天酒店带了回来.在他的口里，还有两组包在餐巾纸里的刀叉和汤匙。「这是谁 给你的？」「马丁，那家餐馆的老板。」「我得谢谢他。」 ”I thanked him already，” the boy said. "You don't need to thank him." "I’ll give him the belly meat of a big fish，" the old man said。
”Has he done this for us more than once？" "I think so。” "I must give him something more than the belly meat then. He is very thoughtful for us。" ”He sent two beers。” ”I like the beer in cans best." ”I know. But this is in bottles ， Hatuey beer， and I take back the bottles。” ”That’s very kind of you,” the old man said。
”Should we eat?” 「我已经谢过他了，」男孩说：「你不需要再谢他了。」「我会把大鱼的肚子肉给 他，」老人说：「他这么招待我们好像不止一次了吧？」「我想是的。」「那么， 除了鱼肚子肉，我还得给他一些别的东西。他对我们真是太体贴了。」「他还送了 两瓶啤酒呢！」「我最喜欢罐装啤酒.」「我知道，但是这是瓶装的海之味啤酒，我 会把瓶子退回去。」「你能这样做真是太好了！」老人说：「我们可以开始吃了吧？」 ”I've been asking you to," the boy told him gently. "I have not wished to open the container until you were ready。” ”I’m ready now," the old man said。
"I only needed time to wash." Where did you wash? The boy thought。
The village water
supply was two streets down the road。
I must have water here for him， the boy thought, and soap and a good towel。
Why am I so thoughtless？ I must get him another shirt and a jacket for the winter and some sort of shoes and another blanket. "Your stew is excellent," the old man said。
「我一直在等你吃啊,」男孩温和地说：「在你没准备好要吃之前，我不想把饭盒打 开。」「我已经准备好了，」老人说：「我只是需要一点时间冲洗一下。」你在什 么地方洗啊？男孩想.这村庄的水源供应处和这里足足隔了二条街.我得把水端来这 儿给他,男孩想,还要再弄块肥皂和一条好的毛巾来。我怎么这么粗心？我还必须给他 弄件冬天的衬衫和夹克，还得弄双象样的鞋，再弄条毯子。「这炖肉很好吃，」老 人说. ”Tell me about the baseball," the boy asked him. "In the American League it is the Yankees as I said，” the old man said happily. ”They lost today，" the boy told him。
"That means nothing。The great DiMaggio is himself again。” ”They have other men on the team.” ”Naturally. But he makes the difference。
In the other league, between Brooklyn and Philadelphia I must take Brooklyn. But then I think of Dick Sisler and those great drives in the old park。” "There was nothing ever like them. He hits the longest ball I have ever seen." 「讲讲棒球赛的事吧！」男孩央求老人。「就如我所说的，在美国职业棒球联盟里， 只有洋基队够看。」老人高兴地说着。「他们今天输了,」男孩告诉老人。「那不算 什么,伟大的狄玛基欧今天又恢复了昔日雄风。」「可是他们队里还有其它队员啊。」 「是没错，可是有他就不同了。在另外一个棒球联盟里，在布鲁克林队和费城队间， 我一定会选择布鲁克林队，不过我会想到的是狄克塞斯乐还有他在旧公园球场里所 击出的那些好球。」「没有任何人能击出像他那样的球，他击出的球是我看过最远 的。」
----—-—-—-—--————-——-———————--——--—-———--—-—-—-———---———--———---—————--—-----—--——-—-———----——-——--—-—-———-—-——--—-——-—--—-——————-—----——---———------—-————— ———-----——------——-Part 6 "Do you remember when he used to come to the Terrace？ I wanted to take him fishing but I was too timid to ask him. Then I asked you to ask him and you were too timid。" "I know。
It was a great mistake. He might have gone with us。
Then we would have that for all of our lives。” "I would like to take the great DiMaggio fishing，” the old man said。
"They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are and would understand.” ”The great Sisler’s father was never poor and he， the father， was playing in the Big Leagues when he was my age." 「你记不记得他以前时常到露天酒店来？我本来要带他一起去捕鱼,当时我不好意思 开口问他，于是就叫你去问他，而你也不好意思开口。」「我记得啊，那真是一个 天大的错误，他或许会跟我们去的,如果是那样，我们一辈子都会记得这件事的。」 「我想带伟大的狄玛基欧去捕渔,」老人说:「听说他父亲也是个渔夫，或许他跟我们 一样穷过，能够了解我们的情况啊。」「伟大的塞斯乐的父亲一辈子可是都没穷过 噢，他父亲在我这个年纪的时候就在打职棒大联盟了。」 "When I was your age I was before the mast on a square rigged ship that ran to Africa and I have seen lions on the beaches in the evening。” ”I know。
You told me." "Should we talk about Africa or about baseball?” "Baseball I think，" the boy said. ”Tell me about the great John J. McGraw." He said Jota for J. ”He used to come to the Terrace sometimes too in the older days。
But he was rough and
harsh—spoken and difficult when he was drinking。
His mind was on horses as well as baseball。
「我在你这个年纪时，就在一艘开往非洲的方帆船上当水手了。那时晚上我在海滩 上看见过狮子。」「我知道，你跟我说过。」「我们要谈非洲还是棒球呢?」「我想 谈棒球好了,」男孩说：「说说看，伟大的约翰．杰．马圭诺怎么样了？」他把他的 小名杰（Ｊ）念成荷达(用西班牙文发音）。」「很久以前，他有时也会到露天酒店 来。不过，这个人喝了酒就会变得很粗鲁，说话刺耳,脾气暴躁。他心里惦记着棒球 也想着马匹。
At least he carried lists of horses at all times in his pocket and frequently spoke the names of horses on the telephone。" "He was a great manager，” the boy said. "My father thinks he was the greatest。” ”Because he came here the most times," the old man said. "If Durocher had continued to come here each year your father would think him the greatest manager.” ”Who is the greatest manager， really， Luque or Mike Gonzalez？" ”I think they are equal。
"And the best fisherman is you." " No. I know others better。” 至少他口袋里总是带着好几份马的名单，电话里也开口闭口就是马的名字.」「他是 个优秀的经理人才,」男孩说：「我父亲认为他是在这方面可说是顶尖高手。」「那 是因为他时常到这里来.」老人说：「如果杜瑞奇持续每年都到这里来的话，你父亲 就会认为他才是最了不起的经理人才。」「究竟谁才真正是最顶尖的经理人才，鲁 格、麦克或是冈查列兹啊?」「我相信他们应该是伯仲之间.」「而最棒的渔夫，就是 你了。」「不，我知道别人比我更了不起。」
i28979 7133 焳 28533 6F75 潵’ 26662 6826 栦
”Que va，" the boy said。
"There are many good fishermen and some great ones。
But there is only you。” "Thank you. You make me happy. I hope no fish will come along so great that he will prove us wrong。
"There is no such fish if you are still strong as you say," "I may not be as strong as I think," the old man said。”But I know many tricks and I have resolution." "You ought to go to bed now so that you will be fresh in the morning。
I will take the things back to the Terrace。” 「怎么会呢？」男孩用墨西哥话说：「是有很多不错的渔夫，有些也顶优秀的，但 是只有你是最棒的。」「谢谢你，你让我好高兴。我希望到时不会出现一条让我无 法对付的大鱼，来证明我们根本是在胡说人道。」「只要你像你所说的，依然那么 健壮的话，就不会有这样一条鱼的.」「我也许没像我自己所想象的那么强壮吧.」老 人说：「不过我倒知道很多诀窍，而且我有决心和毅力。」「你现在该去睡觉了， 明天早上精神才会好。我把这些东西送回露天酒店去.」 "Good night then. I will wake you in the morning。" ”You’re my alarm clock。” the boy said。
"Age is my alarm clock,” the old man said。
"Why do old men wake so early? Is it to have one longer day？” "I don't know， the boy said。
All I know is that young boys sleep late and hard." ”I can remember it," the old man said。
”I'll waken you in time。” ”I do not like for him to waken me. It is as though I were inferior。” "I know.” "Sleep well old man. 「那么晚安了。明天一早我就来叫醒你。」「你真是我的闹钟.」男孩说。「年龄是 我的闹钟。」老人说:「为什么上了年纪的人总是醒得那么早呢？难道是希望这一天 过得长一点吗？」「我不晓得。」男孩说:「我只知道年轻的孩子早上老是起不来， 而且睡得沈。」「我记得。」老人说：「我会在时间还没太晚之前就把你叫醒的。」 「我不喜欢让那人叫醒我，这样好像是我比不上他似的。」「我了解。」「老先生, 好好睡吧。」
—---——----—-—---—-——-—--——--——-—-——-——---—--— Part 7 The boy went out. They had eaten with no light on the table and the old an took off his trousers and went to bed in the dark。
He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow, putting the newspaper inside them。
He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed. He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches and the white beaches， so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains. 男孩走了。他们在没有灯光的桌子上吃完了晚餐之后,老人便脱下了长裤,在黑暗中上 了床。他把裤子卷起来，再塞些报纸进去便成了枕头.然后，他把自己也卷进毛毯里， 睡在另一张由旧报纸覆盖着的弹簧床上。他很快地就睡着了，他梦见了非洲，梦中 他还是个小孩,他梦见那绵延的金色海滩和那白得刺眼的海岸，也梦见那高耸的海岬 和棕色的山脉。
He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the native boats come riding through it。
He smelled the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning. Usually when he smelled the land breeze he woke up and dressed to go and wake the boy. But tonight the smell of the land breeze came very early and he knew it was too early in his dream and went on dreaming to see the white peaks of the Islands rising from the sea and then he dreamed of the different harbors and roadsteads of the Canary Islands。
现在生活中，他每晚总免不了梦见那海岸，梦中他可以听见海涛呼啸的声音，看见 土人的船只乘风破浪地驶来。睡梦中，他闻到船上的焦油味及填塞船缝的麻絮味，
还嗅到了晨间的微风吹过非洲大地的气息.通常他一嗅到这陆上吹来的微风就会醒过 来，马上穿上衣服，去叫醒小男孩。但是今晚大地上微风的气息吹来得很早，梦中 的他也知道太早了，而继续沈浸在梦乡，接着他梦见海岛上白色的峰顶从海面上浮 起，而后他又梦见卡那瑞群岛上的各个港口与碇泊处。
He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women， nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish， nor fights, nor contests of strength, nor of his wife。
He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach。
They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy. He never dreamed about the boy. He simply woke， looked out the open door at the moon and unrolled his trousers and put them on. He urinated outside the shack and then went up the road to wake the boy。
他早已不再梦见暴风雨，也不再梦见女人，或发生过的大事,不再梦见大鱼，与人打 架、比力道，也不再梦见亡妻了。如今他只梦见各种不同的地方以及海滩上的狮子. 狮子们像小猫似地在暮霭中嬉戏，他喜爱它们，正如他喜爱那男孩一样，但他却从 来没有梦见过男孩.他就这么醒来了，往敞开的门外望了一下月亮，然后把卷着的裤 子解开来穿上。他到小屋外边小解后，就上路走去叫醒小男孩. He was shivering with the morning cold。
But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing. The door of the house where the boy lived was unlocked and he opened it and walked in quietly with his bare feet。
The boy was asleep on a cot in the first room and the old man could see him clearly with the light that came in from the dying moon。
He took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him。
The old man nodded and the boy took his trousers from the chair by the bed and， sitting on the bed， pulled them on。
他在清晨寒冷的空气中发着抖,但他晓得多发抖个几下，便可以让自己暖和起来，而 且马上就要划动船桨了.男孩的房门没上锁,他开了门，蹑手蹑脚轻轻地走进去。男孩
就睡在第一个房间的小床上,借着外面即将消沉的月光，老人可以很清楚地看见男孩。
他轻柔地握住男孩的一只脚，直到男孩醒来转身望着他。老人对他点点头，男孩从 床边椅子上拿起裤子，坐在床边把它穿上。
The old man went out the door and the boy came after him. He was sleepy and the old man put his arm across his shoulders and said, "I am sorry.” ”Que'va，” the boy said. "It is what a man must do." They walked down the road to the old man’s shack and all along the road, in the dark， barefoot men were moving， carrying the masts of their boats。
When they reached the old man’s shack the boy took the rolls of line in the basket and the harpoon and gaff and the old man carried the mast with the furled sail on his shoulder. 老人走出门外后，男孩跟着出来，他还很想打瞌睡，老人把手臂搭在他的肩膀上说：
「很抱歉.」「怎么会！」男孩说：「这是男子汉应该做的事。」他们沿着路往下走， 来到老人的小屋。黑暗中,许多扛着船桅、赤着脚的身影晃动着。他们一来到老人的 小屋，男孩便拿起篮中成卷的绳索、鱼叉和鱼钩，老人把卷着帆的桅杆扛在肩上。
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”Do you want coffee？" the boy asked。
”We'll put the gear in the boat and then get some." They had coffee from condensed milk cans at an early morning place that served fishermen. ”How did you sleep old man？" the boy asked. He was waking up
now although it was still hard for him to leave his sleep。
"Very well, Manolin，" the old man said. ”I feel confident today。" ”So do I,” the boy said. ”Now I must get your sardines and mine and your fish baits. He brings our gear himself。
He never wants anyone to carry anything.” 「你要喝咖啡吗？」男孩问。「我们先把船具放在船上,再弄些咖啡来喝。」他们在 一个专供渔夫用早餐的地方，用炼乳罐子喝了咖啡。「老先生，你睡得好吗？」男 孩问。虽然很难把他的瞌睡虫驱除，但他已经逐渐醒来。「好极了，马洛林,」老人 说：「我今天感到信心十足!」「我也是一样。」男孩说：「现在我要去拿你的以及 我自己的沙丁鱼,还有给你的新鲜鱼饵。那人每次都是自己拿鱼具，从来不让别人拿 任何东西。」 "We’re different,” the old man said。
"I let you carry things when you were five years old." "I know it,” the boy said. ”I'll be right back。
Have another coffee. We have credit here。” He walked off, bare-footed on the coral rocks, to the ice house where the baits were stored。
The old man drank his coffee slowly。
It was all he would have all day and he knew that he should take it. For a long time now eating had bored him and he never carried a lunch. He had a bottle of water in the bow of the skiff and that was all he needed for the day。
「我们则不同，」老人说:「你五岁时我就让你拿东西了。」「我知道啊。」男孩说: 「我马上回来.再喝一杯咖啡吧，我们在这儿可以赊帐。」他走开了，赤着脚在珊瑚 礁上往贮存鱼饵的冰库走去。老人慢慢地喝着他的第二杯咖啡，这将是他在接下的 一整天里，唯一吃过的食物,所以他知道他应该喝的。长久以来，吃对他来说,早已是 件乏味的事,他从来不带午餐的，他只需在船头放一瓶水，就足以过一整天了。
The boy was back now with the sardines and the two baits wrapped in a newspaper and they went down the trail to the skiff, feeling the pebbled sand under their feet，
and lifted the skiff and slid her into the water. ”Good luck old man.” "Good luck," the old man said。
He fitted the rope lashings of the oars onto the thole pins and, leaning forward against the thrust of the blades in the water, he began to row out of the harbor in the dark. 现在，男孩带着沙丁鱼和包在报纸里的两副鱼饵回来了。一路上感觉着底下的沙石， 他们循着小路来到了小船停泊的地方,把小船抬起来，让它滑向水里去。「祝你好运, 老先生。」「祝你好运。」老人说.他把桨上的绳圈套在桨栓上,然后将桨叶向后深深 地插入水中，身体同时往前一倾,老人的小船便在黑暗中挺进，划出了海港. There were other boats from the other beaches going out to sea and the old man heard the dip and push of their oars even though he could not see them now the moon was below the hills. Sometimes someone would speak in a boat. But most of the boats were silent except for the dip of the oars。
They spread apart after they were out of the mouth of the harbor and each one headed for the part of the ocean where he hoped to find fish。The old man knew he was going far out and he left the smell of the land behind and rowed out into the clean early morning smell of the ocean. 这时也有从其它海滩出发的船只正纷纷划向大海。此时月亮已经下山了，老人虽看 不见那些船只,但他可以听见他们的船桨下水和划水的声音。有时船里有会说话的声 音，但是大部份的船除了划桨声外，都是沈静的。船只一出了海港口便各奔东西了， 每个人都各自划向希望可以捕到鱼的地方去。老人晓得他要划得很远，于是便把土 地的气息抛在身后，大肆地向清晨海洋的清新气息之处划去。
He saw the phosphorescence of the Gulf weed in the water as he rowed over the part of the ocean that the fishermen called the great well because there was a sudden deep of seven hundred fathoms where all sorts of fish congregated because of the swirl the current made against the steep walls of the flour of the ocean. Here there were
concentrations of shrimp and baitfish and sometimes schools of squid in the deepest holes and these rose close to the surface at night where all the wandering fish fed on them. 他看见海湾里海草所发出的磷光，原来老人划到了渔夫们所称「深井」地带的海面 上了。这名称的由来,是因为在那儿海底突然出现了一个约有七百啊深的「井」，而 因为海潮冲击海床上的陡壁时所激起的涡，使得各种鱼类都聚集于此,包括虾子、做 鱼饵用的鱼，有时候还有大匹的乌贼,都聚集在洞的深处。这些鱼在晚上会飘浮在接 近海面的地方，而在那儿漫游的鱼类便以它们为食。
——-—-—-—-———-—————---—————-—-——-————----———-—--— ———————-——-—————-——-————----——-—--—--——-—--———---——-—-—---—-—————-——-—--—--—-————-——--—-——————-—---—-—-——--——-——---—---—--——— Part 9 In the dark the old man could feel the morning coming and as he rowed he heard the trembling sound as flying fish left the water and the hissing that their stiff set wings made as they soared away in the darkness. He was very fond of flying fish as they were his principal friends on the ocean. He was sorry for the birds, especially the small delicate dark terns that were always flying and looking and almost never finding， and he thought， the birds have a harder life than we do except for the robber birds and the heavy strong ones。
一片漆黑中，老人可以感觉黎明将近。当他在划船时，可以听见飞鱼跃出水面的剎 那间轻微的颤抖声,以及他们在黑暗中飞掠时，坚硬的翅膀所发出的嘶嘶声.他非常喜 欢飞鱼，因为他们是他在海洋中主要的朋友。鸟儿则令他怜惜，特别是那些纤小黝
黑、终日飞翔、寻寻觅觅却几乎从未有所收获的燕鸥。他常想,除了那些专靠掠夺维 生的鸟类以及那些体型壮硕的鸟类之外，鸟的生活是比人类更为艰辛啊。
Why did they make birds so delicate and fine as those sea swallows when the ocean can be so cruel？ She is kind and very beautiful。
But she can be so cruel and it comes so suddenly and such birds that fly， dipping and hunting， with their small sad voices are made too delicately for the sea。He always thought of the sea as la mar which is what people call her in Spanish when they love her. Sometimes those who love her say had things of her but they are always said as though she were a woman。
何以造物者将鸟类如海燕般都创造得如此纤弱，而海洋却是如此的残酷？海洋是慈 悲而且美丽的,然而它却同时可以那么残酷，转变得那么突然；那些飞着的鸟,不时还 得潜入水中捕食，它们弱小的哀鸣声，在这浩瀚的海洋里，实在是太渺小，太纤弱 了。他总是把海洋称为「海娘子」，这是热爱海洋的西班人称呼她的方式.有时候， 喜欢她的人也会咒骂她，他们总把它比作是一个妇人。
Some of the younger fishermen， those who used buoys as floats for their lines and had motorboats， bought when the shark livers had brought much money, spoke of her as el mar which is masculine. They spoke of her as a contestant or a place or even an enemy。
But the old man always thought of her as feminine and as something that gave or withheld great favors, and if she did wild or wicked things it was because she could not help them. The moon affects her as it does a woman, he thought. 一些用浮标作鱼线浮子、驾着马达汽船的年轻渔夫，每当鲨鱼肝为他们赚进大笔金 钱时，就会将她当作男性,称它为「海郎」。他们说到她的时候总是把她当成一个竞 争的对手，或是一个地方，甚至一个仇敌。可是，老人总认为海洋是女性，有时带 来恩惠，有时带来恶运，而当海洋变得蛮横狂暴或是邪恶时，那是因为她没有办法 控制.他认为,月亮对于海洋的影响，正如月亮对于妇人的影响一样。
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He was rowing steadily and it was no effort for him since he kept well within his speed and the surface of the ocean was flat except for the occasional swirls of the current. He was letting the current do a third of the work and as it started to be light he saw he was already further out than he had hoped to be at this hour. I worked the deep wells for a week and did nothing， he thought。
Today I'll work out where the schools of bonito and albacore are and maybe there will be a big one with them。
Before it was really light he had his baits out and was drifting with the current。
他轻松而稳定地划着船，因为他把速度控制得很好,而且这时除了偶尔有些小漩涡外， 海洋是一片平静。他借浪潮之助节省了三分之一的力量。这一天刚破晓时，他发现 自己已经划得比他预期此时所在的位置还要远了。他心想,我在「深井」已经将近一 个星期了，但却一无所获.今天我就到成群鲣鱼和青花鱼出没的地去，也许在它们之 中有一条大鱼呢。在天还没有完全亮以前，他已经把鱼饵都放下水了，随着水流漂 浮。
One bait was down forty fathoms。
The second was at seventy—five and the third and fourth were down in the blue water at one hundred and one hundred and twenty—five fathoms. Each bait hung head down with the shank of the hook inside the bait fish, tied and sewed solid and all the projecting part of the hook, the curve and the point， was covered with fresh sardines。
Each sardine was hooked through both eyes so that they made a half-gar-land on the projecting steel。
There was no part of the hook that a great fish could fell which was not sweet smelling and good tasting.
其中一个鱼饵垂到大约四十啊深的地方,另一个大约垂到七十五啊的地方，其它分别 垂在一百啊及一百二十五啊深蓝色的海水中。每一个鱼饵的头都是朝下的，钩子上 端则完全藏在鱼饵的身体里，并且被捆得紧紧的，钩子突出的弯曲部份以及顶端， 都被新鲜的沙丁鱼掩藏起来。每一条沙丁鱼的双眼都被钩子穿过去，而鱼身沿着钩 子突出部分弯出一个半圆形,像个花环。如此一来，大鱼接近时候会以为整个鱼钩既 鲜美又可口。
-—-----—---—-—-—--———-——-—-————-—--——-—--——---———-—--—-----—----—------—--------—--———---—--—-——--—-—---——---——-----————— ———--————--——------——--—-—--———-—-———-——-———----——Part 10 The boy had given him two fresh small tunas， or albacores， which hung on the two deepest lines like plummets and， on the others， he had a big blue runner and a yellow jack that had been used before; but they were in good condition still and had the excellent sardines to give them scent and attractiveness。
男孩给了他两条新鲜的小鲔鱼，或叫青花鱼，现在它们都像铅垂似的挂在两条垂得 最深的在线,其它的鱼在线挂的是一条蓝色大鱼和一条黄花鱼,这两个鱼饵虽然已经 用过了，但是倒还很完整，而且再加上新鲜的沙丁鱼后，也同样鲜美诱人。
Each line， as thick around as a big pencil， was looped onto a green—sapped stick so that any pull or touch on the bait would make the stick dip and each line had two forty-fathom coils which could be made fast to the other spare coils so that， if it were necessary, a fish could take out over three hundred fathoms of line。
Now the man watched the dip of the three sticks over the side of the skiff and rowed gently to keep the lines straight up and down and at their proper depths. It was quite light and any moment now the sun would rise. The sun rose thinly from the sea and the old
man could see the other boats, low on the water and well in toward the shore， spread out across the current. 每一条鱼线大概都像一枝船笔那么粗，上面还捆了一个用树脂做的小杆子，只要鱼 饵一被拉动或碰触，小杆子便会往沈.另外每一条线随时都还可以连接两卷四十噚长 的预备线，必要时,一条鱼最长可以拖出三百噚长的线。现在,老人守着小船旁的三根 小木棍,等待看到它们往下沉，他慢慢地划着，使鱼线随时保持垂直并垂到应有的深 度。天色已十分亮了,太阳马上就会升起来了。太阳微微地从海面升起，老人看见了 水平线另一边的其它船只，朝着海岸，在水流之上散布开来. Then the sun was brighter and the glare came on the water and then， as it rose clear, the flat sea sent it back at his eyes so that it hurt sharply and he rowed without looking into it. He looked down into the water and watched the lines that went straight down into the dark of the water。
He kept them straighter than anyone did， so that at each level in the darkness of the stream there would be a bait waiting exactly where he wished it to be for any fish that swam there。
Others let them drift with the current and sometimes they were at sixty fathoms when the fishermen thought they were at a hundred。
But, he thought， I keep them with precision. 天空越来越亮,水面上闪烁着耀眼的阳光，当太阳完全升起来的时候，海面上静止不 动的海水将阳光反射到他眼中，他感觉非常刺眼，刺眼得让他只得避开直视阳光而 划开去。他望进水里,全神贯注地看着一直垂进水中黑暗之处的鱼线.他比任何人都细 心地将鱼线保持垂直,好让每个不同深浅程度的海流中，都如他所愿的有一个鱼饵在 那里等着游近的鱼前来上钩。其它人则是让鱼饵随波逐流，以致于有时当鱼饵只有 六十噚深，他们却以为是一百噚.然而他却认为，我就是要保持精确。
Only I have no luck any more. But who knows？ Maybe today。
Every day is a new day。
It is better to be lucky. But I would rather be exact。
Then when luck comes
you are ready. The sun was two hours higher now and it did not hurt his eyes so much to look into the east. There were only three boats in sight now and they showed very low and far inshore. All my life the early sun has hurt my eyes， he thought。
Yet they are still good. In the evening I can look straight into it without getting the blackness。
It has more force in the evening too。
But in the morning it is painful。
只可惜我的运气不再了。可是，谁知道呢？也许就是今天了，每一天都是一个新的 开始。幸运当然是最好,不过我还是宁愿准确,这样，当机运来临时，你已经准备好了。
太阳已经升起两个小时了，这个时候往东边望去，不再像刚才那样刺眼了,现在在他 视线之内只剩下三条船，彷佛低于海平面之下，远在海岸边.他心想，在我一生中， 清早的阳光总是刺痛我的双眼，然而它们依然还很好。我可以在黄昏时定眼望着太 阳而不致眼前发黑。其实黄昏的阳光更强，但是早晨的阳光就是那么伤人. Just then he saw a man—of-war bird with his long black wings circling in the sky ahead of him。
He made a quick drop， slanting down on his back-swept wings, and then circled again. "He’s got something," the old man said aloud. "He’s not just looking。" He rowed slowly and steadily toward where the bird was circling。
He did not hurry and he kept his lines straight up and down. But he crowded the current a little so that he was still fishing correctly though faster than he would have fished if he was not trying to use the bird. 就在这个时候，他看见一只军舰鸟，展开那长长的黑色翅膀，在他前方的天空中盘 旋，突然之间，它将翅膀向后一收，倾身直往下伏冲，然后又开始盘旋。「它一定 是抓到什么了,」老人大声地说：「它并不光是看看而已.」他缓慢而稳定地划向鸟儿 盘旋的地点，他一点也不匆忙,仍旧保持他的鱼线垂直朝下。但是他稍微设法排挤水 流，以便保持正常的捕鱼作业,不过他的船速是比往常捕鱼时快了一些，若不是为了 要利用这只鸟，他不会这么做的。
The bird went higher in the air and circled again， his wings motionless。
Then be dove suddenly and the old man saw flying fish spurt out of the water and sail desperately over the surface. ”Dolphin,” the old man said aloud. ”Big dolphin." He shipped his oars and brought a small line from under the bow。
It had a wire leader and a medium—sized hook and he baited it with one of the sardines. He let it go over the side and then made it fast to a ring bolt in the stern。
Then he baited another line and left it coiled in the shade of the bow。
鸟儿往空中飞高了些，并且再度盘旋,它的翅膀一动也没动。然后它突然间往下伏冲， 老人看见飞鱼从水中跳出来,拼命地掠过水面.「海豚,」老人大声叫着：「大海豚。」 他搁下桨，由船头下拿一条小鱼线，上面有一段铁丝线和一个中型鱼钩，他把它装 上沙丁鱼的鱼饵，然后把它从船边放下去，再固定在船尾的环状螺钉上，接着，他 装上另外一条鱼线的饵，把线卷好放在船头的阴影处.
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He went back to rowing and to watching the long-winged black bird who was working， now， low over the water. As he watched the bird dipped again slanting his wings for the dive and then swinging them wildly and ineffectually as he followed the flying fish。
The old man could see the slight bulge in the water that the big dolphin raised as they followed the escaping fish。
The dolphins were cutting through the water below the flight of the fish and would be in the water, driving at speed, when the fish dropped。
他又回过头来划船，并注意看着那只长翅膀的黑鸟,现在，它正低低地飞在水面上准 备觅食。
正当他目不转睛地看着的时候,那鸟倾斜着翅膀，再度伏冲下来，然后猛烈却徒劳无 益地拍打着翅膀,追逐着飞鱼.老人看见大海豚凸出的身躯惊鸿一瞥地在水中升起,紧 追着逃跑的飞鱼.海豚在飞鱼飞跃的水面之下一路游过来，当鱼潜入水中时，海豚正 好可以在那儿加速追赶。
It is a big school of dolphin, he thought。
They are widespread and the flying fish have little chance。
The bird has no chance. The flying fish are too big for him and they go too fast. He watched the flying fish burst out again and again and the ineffectual movements of the bird。
That school has gotten away from me， he thought。
They are moving out too fast and too far。
But perhaps I will pick up a stray and perhaps my big fish is around them. My big fish must be somewhere. 这是好大一群海豚啊，他想.它们散布地太广，飞鱼几乎没有逃命的机会，就连鸟儿 也没有捕食的机会了。飞鱼的身躯太大，速度也太快了.他眼看着飞鱼一次又一次地 从水面跳起来，以及鸟徒劳无功的行动。老人想，那群海豚已经离我远去了，它们 实在游动得太快也太远了.但是,也许我能抓到一条落单的,也或许我要的大鱼就在它 们里面。我的大鱼一定在某个地方。
The clouds over the land now rose like mountains and the coast was only a long green line with the gray blue hills behind it。
The water was a dark blue now， so dark that it was almost purple. As he looked down into it he saw the red sifting of the plankton in the dark water and the strange light the sun made now。
He watched his lines to see them go straight down out of sight into the water and he was happy to see so much plankton because it meant fish。
陆地上的云像山峦一样地升起了,海岸变成了一条长长的绿线,后面衬着灰蓝色的小 山丘。此刻海水是深蓝色的,深得几乎发紫。他往水中望去,看见红色的浮游生物在深 色水中飘浮着，以及此刻阳光照在水中所呈现的奇异色彩。他注视着鱼线,看着它们
笔直地垂在水中，直到消失在视线中。他很高兴看见有这么多浮游生物，因为这就 表示附近有鱼。
The strange light the sun made in the water， now that the sun was higher, meant good weather and so did the shape of the clouds over the land. But the bird was almost out of sight now and nothing showed on the surface of the water but some patches of yellow， sun-bleached Sargasso weed and the purple， formalized， iridescent， gelatinous bladder of a Portuguese man of war floating close beside the boat. It turned on its side and then righted itself。
It floated cheerfully as a bubble with its long deadly purple filaments trailing a yard behind it in the water. 由于太阳又升高了些，阳光照射在水中所呈现的奇异色彩和陆上云朵的形状一样都 暗示着好天气.但是，现在那鸟几乎已射下已经褪色的黄色马尾藻，和一只紫色有毒 的水母了。它伸张着须夷,凝胶状的气囊飘浮到船边,翻了个身，然后又复原，在水面 上彷佛一个气泡一样好轻松愉快地飘浮着，身后拖着一条有毒的紫色细丝，在水里 漂着有一码长的距离。
-—-—-——————-——--—-—---—-———--——-—-—--———--——-—-——— ——--—————-——---————-————--—-—--—-—-—-----————-——-— ——--——-----———--———-—--—--——-——-—--————-——--——--——— ——------——-----—Part 11 ”Aqua mala，” the man said。”You whore." From where he swung lightly against his oars he looked down into the water and saw the tiny fish that were colored like the trailing filaments and swam between them and under the small shade the bubble made as it drifted. They were immune to its poison。
But men were not and when some of the filaments would catch on a line and rest there slimy and purple while the
old man was working a fish, he would have welts and sores on his arms and hands of the sort that poison ivy or poison oak ran give。
「贱货，」老人用墨西哥土语骂着「你这婊子。」他轻轻摇着桨，顺着桨往水中望 去，看见颜色如那飘浮细丝一般的小鱼，在细丝和气囊飘游时产生的气泡阴影下穿 梭。这些小鱼对于水母的毒素可以免疫。但人类就不能了,若紫色的黏稠细丝缠在鱼 在线，而老人又在捕鱼时用手碰到了毒丝，他的手臂和手掌上便会有红肿和痒痛的 情形，就像碰到了有毒的长春藤和有毒的橡树时一样。
But these poisonings from the agua mala came quickly and struck like a whiplash. The iridescent bubbles were beautiful。
But they were the falsest thing in the sea and the old man loved to see the big sea turtles eating them. The turtles saw them， approached them from the front, then shut their eyes so they were completely carapaced and ate them filaments and all。
The old man loved to see the turtles eat them and he loved to walk on them on the beach after a storm and hear them pop when he stepped on them with the horny soles of his feet。
但是这些「贱货」的毒性发作得很快，当它袭击人时很像一条鞭子抽到身上的感觉. 那些红色气泡非常美丽。但是它们是海里最虚假的东西。老人最爱看大海龟吃这些 气泡的样子。海龟看到这些气泡，会先从正面接近，然后闭着眼睛，完全地缩进壳 里,把气泡连同细丝一起吞下去。老人喜欢看海龟吃它们的样子，也很喜欢在暴风雨 过后到海边践踏海龟，还有当他把长满厚茧的双脚踏在海龟背上,听海龟所发出的声 音。
He loved green turtles and hawk-bills with their elegance and speed and their great value and he had a friendly contempt for the huge, stupid loggerheads, yellow in their armor—plating， strange in their love-making, and happily eating the Portuguese men-of-war with their eyes shut。
He had no mysticism about turtles although he had
gone in turtle boats for many years。
He was sorry for them all， even the great trunk backs that were as long as the skiff and weighed a ton. 他非常喜爱绿色海龟的玳瑁，它们优雅、敏捷,价值又高，可是他对于庞大而笨拙的 红海龟,却有一点善意的轻蔑，它们总是懦弱地缩在装甲似的龟壳里，做爱的时候也 怪里怪样的,甚至还会陶醉地闭起眼睛吃水母.虽然他曾经在捕龟船上工作了许多年， 他对海龟却没有任何迷思。他对它们感到很同情,甚至对那些驱干和背脊像小船这么 长、还重上一吨的大海龟也一样. Most people are heartless about turtles because a turtle's heart will beat for hours after he has been cut up and butchered。
But the old man thought, I have such a heart too and my feet and hands are like theirs。
He ate the white eggs to give himself strength。
He ate them all through May to be strong in September and October for the truly big fish。
He also drank a cup of shark liver oil each day from the big drum in the shack where many of the fishermen kept their gear. It was there for all fishermen who wanted it.
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许多人对于海龟感到有点害怕.因为一只海龟的心脏在被挖出来之后，还可以跳动好 几个小时。可是老人想，我也有同样的一颗心，我的手和脚也和它们的一样.他总是 吃白海龟蛋以增进体力。为了准备捕捉大鱼，他从五月就开始吃，一直吃到九月、 十月时,身体便会很健壮了。另外，他每天会从渔夫们放渔具的小屋中的大桶子里, 倒出一杯鲨鱼肝油喝。渔夫们只要有需要，都可以到那儿任意取用。
Most fishermen hated the taste but it was no worse than getting up at the hours that they rose and it was very good against all colds and grippes and it was good for the eyes。
Now the old man looked up and saw that the bird was circling again。
"He's
found fish,” he said aloud。
No flying fish broke the surface and there was no scattering of bait fish。
But as the old man watched, a small tuna rose in the air, turned and dropped head first into the water. 但是大多数的渔夫都讨厌那个味道，不过再怎么说，这味道都不会比早起更难过。
鲨鱼肝油可以有效御寒、抵抗感冒，对眼睛也很有益处.此刻，老人仰头,望见鸟儿又 在空中盘旋。「它已经找到鱼了，」老人大声地说。没有飞鱼跳出水面,鱼饵鱼也都 没有散开。但是，正当老人仔细看着水面时，一条小鲔鱼跃入空中,翻了一圈之后， 头朝下栽入水中。
—-—----——--——-——-———----—--—--——-—-——-——---—---—--—--——-———-—--—---—-——--——-——-------————-——————-——--——-----——————----——-——-————-——-————-----————-——————-—-— -—-——-—--— Part 12 The tuna shone silver in the sun and after he had dropped back into the water another and another rose and they were jumping in all directions, churning the water and leaping in long jumps after the bait。
They were circling it and driving it。
If they don't travel too fast I will get into them， the old man thought， and he watched the school working the water white and the bird now dropping and dipping into the bait fish that were forced to the surface in their panic。
鲔鱼在阳光中闪烁着银色光泽，当它栽入水中之后，另外几条也此起彼落地跳出水 面，它们从四面八方跳跃出来，翻腾着水面，并且跟着饵鱼作长距离的跳跃。它们 围着饵鱼兜圈子地追赶着。老人心想，如果它们不要游得太快的话,我就可以逮到它 们。他看见这一群鲔鱼在水中激起白色的浪花，这时鸟儿向鱼饵鱼直冲了下来，鱼 饵鱼在惊慌之下被逼出了水面。
"The bird is a great help,” the old man said. Just then the stern line came taut under his foot， where he had kept a loop of the line, and he dropped his oars and felt the weight of the small tuna's shivering pull as he held the line firm and commenced to haul it in. The shivering increased as he pulled in and he could see the blue back of the fish in the water and the gold of his sides before he swung him over the side and into the boat. 「这只鸟真是个好帮手，」老人说。正在这个时候，他脚下连着船尾那条鱼线的绳 圈突然变紧了。他马上放下了桨，紧握绳子准备把鱼拖上船，他感觉到小鲔鱼颤抖 的拉力。当他将鱼线向内施时,抖动的力量增大了,就在他把它甩过船边弄上船之前， 他看见了水中那条鱼蓝色的背脊和金黄色的两侧. He lay in the stern in the sun，compact and bullet shaped，his big, unintelligent eyes staring as he thumped his life out against the planking of the boat with the quick shivering strokes of his neat, fast—moving tail. The old man hit him on the head for kindness and kicked him, his body still shuddering， under the shade of the stern。
"Albacore，” he said aloud。
”He’ll make a beautiful bait。
He'll weigh ten pounds.” He did not remember when he had first started to talk aloud when he was by himself. 它躺在阳光照耀着的船尾,长得像一颗子弹的身体十分结实.当它被重重的摔在船板 上去，这条面临着死亡的鱼，睁着他那痴呆的大眼，精巧的尾巴急速地颤抖、拍打 着。老人为了同情它这般惨状，往它头上打了一下又踢了它几下，然而它的身体依 然在船尾的阴影里中颤抖着.「青花鱼，」他大声地说：「这条鱼可以做很好的鱼饵, 它大概有十磅重.」他已经记不得自己从什么时候开始，会在独自一人时，这样大声 地自语自语。
He had sung when he was by himself in the old days and he had sung at night sometimes when he was alone steering on his watch in the smacks or in the turtle
boats. He had probably stared to talk aloud, when alone, when the boy had left. But he did not remember。
When he and the boy fished together they usually spoke only when it was necessary. They talked at night or when they were storm—bound by bad weather。
It was considered a virtue not to talk unnecessarily at sea and the old man had always considered it so and respected it。
早年当他身旁没人时，总是喜欢唱唱歌。有时晚上在有蓄鱼槽船上、或是捕海龟的 船上值班时候他都会唱。可能是那小男孩离开他之后，他才开始会一个人自言自语。
但是，他已记不得了.当他和男孩一起捕鱼时，通常只有在必要时他们才说话。譬如 在晚上或被暴风雨这样的坏天气所困的时候他们才谈话。在海上不说废话被认为是 一种美德，而老人也一直是这样认为的，并且奉行这条美德。
But now he said his thoughts aloud many times since there was no one that they could annoy。
"If the others heard me talking out loud they would think that I am crazy,” he said aloud。
”But since I am not crazy， I do not care. And the rich have radios to talk to them in their boats and to bring them the baseball." Now is no time to think of baseball， he thought. Now is the time to think of only one thing. That which I was born for. There might be a big one around that school, he thought。
I picked up only a straggler from the albacore that were feeding. 但是现在老人都时常把脑子里所想的事情很大声地说出来，反正,他再也不可能干扰 到任何人了「. 如果别人听见我一个人这么大声地说话,他们一定会认为我是个疯子，」 老人又大声地说：「但是，就因为我不是疯子，所以我不在乎。有钱的人在船上有 无线电和收音机对他们讲话，报导棒球赛的消息啊.」他想，现在没有时间去想棒球. 现在只能有时间想一件事情，那就是我与生俱来的目标.他想,在那一群鱼中可能有一 条大的.我只是从那一群捕食的青花鱼中，抓到一条落单的而已。
——-—-————--—-———---—-—————---———----——---—---—----—---—-——---———-—-————---——-—-—--—--————--———---—-———-—----— —————--———-———————----——-———-—-———----—-—-—-——-— —-—-——--—----— Part 13 But they are working far out and fast. Everything that shows on the surface today travels very fast and to the northeast。
Can that be the time of day？ Or is it some sign of weather that I do not know? He could not see the green of the shore now but only the tops of the blue hills that showed white as though they were snowcapped and the clouds that looked like high snow mountains above them. The sea was very dark and the light made prisms in the water. 它们跑得好远好快.今天海面上的所有东西 似乎都跑得非常快,而且朝东北方去。这是不是一个大好时光？或者是一种我不知道 的天气征候呢?此刻他看不见海岸的青绿色了，只能看见蓝色的山顶上出现了一些斑 白，彷佛是覆盖了雪似的,而天上的云朵，则像是高高在上的雪山。大海那样的黝暗， 照在水中的阳光好像变成了棱镜；
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The myriad flecks of the plankton were annulled now by the high sun and it was only the great deep prisms in the blue water that the old man saw now with his lines going straight down into the water that was a mile deep。
The tuna， the fishermen called all the fish of that species tuna and only distinguished among them by their proper names when they came to sell them or to trade them for baits, were down again。The sun was hot now and the old man felt it on the back of his neck and felt the sweat trickle down his back as he rowed.
海面下斑斑点点的浮游生物在高升的太阳照耀下也已消失。老人此刻看见的,只有在 蓝色的海水中，那一面面深入海底的巨大棱镜和他垂直伸入水中大约一英哩深的鱼 线。鲔鱼又在下面出现了。渔夫都把这种类型的鱼通称为鲔鱼，只有当他们在卖鱼 或拿鱼去换饵食的时候,才会去明确地分辨它们正式的名字。老人的颈背可以感觉得 到阳光已经愈来愈热了；当他划桨的时候，可以感觉得到汗水在他背后直流而下. I could just drift, he thought， and sleep and put a bight of line around my toe to wake me。
But today is eighty—five days and I should fish the day well. Just then， watching his lines， he saw one of the projecting green sticks dip sharply。
"Yes,” he said. ”Yes," and shipped his oars without bumping the boat. He reached out for the line and held it softly between the thumb and forefinger or his right hand。
He felt no strain nor weight and he held the line lightly。
Then it came again。
This time it was a tentative pull, not solid nor heavy， and he knew exactly what it was。
他心想,我本来可以任鱼线漂流，睡个觉，弄个绳圈套到我的大拇指上，这样一有动 静就会把我拉醒的.但是今天是第八十五天了，我应该好好地打一天渔了。就在这个 时候，看着看着，他发现其中一条鱼在线的绿色杆子正急遽地下沉.「来了，」他说， 「来了。」他小心地把桨放下，以免震动到船身。他伸出右手用拇指和食指轻轻抓 住那根线,却感觉不到一点张力或重量，他继续轻轻拉着线.然后，它又回来了。这次 是不实也不重、试探性的扯拉,现在他完全明白这是怎么一回事了。
One hundred fathoms down a marlin was eating the sardines that covered the point and the shank of the hook where the hand-forged hook projected from the head of the small tuna. The old man held the line delicately, and softly， with his left hand, unleashed it from the stick. Now he could let it run through his fingers without the fish feeling any tension. This far out, he must be huge in this month， he thought。
Eat them, fish。Eat them。Please eat them。How fresh they are and you down there six hundred feet in that cold water in the dark。
一百噚的深处，有一条马林鱼正在吃鱼勾上，覆盖着弯钩和顶端的沙丁鱼。老人用 左手小心地握着线，轻轻地将它从杆子上解开。现在鱼线可以在他的手指间，任意 地移转,而不会让鱼感觉有任何张力。老人想，在离岸这么远的地方，又在这个月份， 这条鱼一定是肥极了.吃吧，鱼儿,吃吧,请好好享用吧。你看你远在六百呎下那么黑暗 的冷水里,而这些沙丁鱼是那么地新鲜啊。
Make another turn in the dark and come back and eat them。
He felt the light delicate pulling and then a harder pull when a sardine's head must have been more difficult to break from the hook。
Then there was nothing. ”Come on,” the old man said aloud。
"Make another turn。
Just smell them. Aren't they lovely? Eat them good now and then there is the tuna. Hard and cold and lovely. Don’t be shy, fish. Eat them.” 在黑暗中转一圈，回过头来吃它吧.他感觉鱼线被轻微地拉动了，然后又重重地拉一 下,一定是有条沙丁鱼的头很难从钩子上扯下来。接下来,便毫无动静了。「来嘛，」 老人大声地说.「再打一个转，来闻一闻嘛,这些沙丁鱼不是可爱极了吗?现在好好地 吃，然后还有鲔鱼呢。坚实、冰凉、又鲜美。鱼儿啊!不要害羞，吃吧！」 —-————-——-——--——--—--—-——-------————--———-—--—--——---—-—-—--——-——-—-——-—--——----——————--—-—----—--——--——-—---———-—----—-—-——--—---——-—————--——-----—----————-———---— —-——---—Part 14 He waited with the line between his thumb and his finger, watching it and the other lines at the same time for the fish might have swum up or down。
Then came the
same delicate pulling touch again. "He’ll take it," the old man said aloud. ”God help him to take it.” He did not take it though。
He was gone and the old man felt nothing。
"He can't have gone，" he said。
"Christ knows he can't have gone. He’s making a turn。
Maybe he has been hooked before and he remembers something of it.” Then he felt the gentle touch on the line and he was happy。
他把鱼线握在大拇指和食指之间，守望着，同时留意着所有的鱼线，因为鱼儿有可 能上下游动。接着，和刚才一样的轻微拉动又开始了。「它一定会吃的，」老人大 声地说。「求上帝帮助，让它吃吧！」然而，它却没有吃。它又走了，老人感觉不 到任何拉动。「它不可能走了。」老人说：「上帝知道，它绝不可能走了,它正在转 圈。它可能曾经被鱼钩勾到过，所以想起了什么.」然后，他反感觉到鱼线被轻轻地 拉动了。他高兴极了。
”It was only his turn,” he said。
"He'll take it。" He was happy feeling the gentle pulling and then he felt something hard and unbelievably heavy. It was the weight of the fish and he let the line slip down， down, down, unrolling off the first of the two reserve coils. As it went down， slipping lightly through the old man’s fingers, he still could feel he the great weight, though the pressure of his thumb and finger were almost imperceptible。
”What a fish，” he said. "He has it sideways in his mouth now and he is moving off with it.” 「它刚才只是在兜圈子而已，」他说：「它会吃的。」然后他兴奋地感觉着这轻轻 的力量,然后，这力量开始变得无比沉重了。这是鱼的重量，他让鱼线往下滑，一滑 再滑，把两卷预备线中的一卷全拖走了。线从老人的指间里轻轻滑过，虽然在他的 拇指和食指之间的压力轻微得好像不存在似的，他依然可以感觉到那条鱼沈甸甸的 重量。「好大的一条鱼啊！」他说。「它现在正把饵横衔在嘴里，而且拖着它游走。」
Then he will turn and swallow it， he thought。
He did not say that because he knew that if you said a good thing it might not happen。
He knew what a huge fish this was and he thought of him moving away in the darkness with the tuna held crosswise in his mouth. At that moment he felt him stop moving but the weight was still there. Then the weight increased and he gave more line。
He tightened the pressure of his thumb and finger for a moment and the weight increased and was going straight down。
”He’s taken it," he said。
"Now I'll let him eat it well。” 他心里盘算着,接下来，它就会打转，然后把它吞下去。他并没有把这些话说出口， 因为他知道,如果你把好事情说出来,那么这件事也许就不会发生了。他晓得这是一条 多么大的鱼，并想象着它在黑暗中把鲔鱼横衔在嘴里拖着走的样子。就在这一刻， 他突然感觉鱼停止游动了，但是重量还在。然后，重量又增加了,他又放出了更多的 线.他把拇指和食指夹紧了一些，不一会儿，重量又更增加了，而且直直地往下沉。
「上钩了。」他说。「现在我就让它好好吃一餐。」 He let the line slip through his fingers while he reached down with his left hand and made fast the free end of the two reserve coils to the loop of the two reserve coils of the next line。
New he was ready。
He had three forty fathom coils of line in reserve now， as well as the coil he was using。
”Eat it a little more,” he said。
"Eat it well。” Eat it so that the point of the hook goes into your heart and kills you， he thought. Come up easy and let me put the harpoon into you。
All right. Are you ready? Have you been long enough at table? 他一面让线继续由手指中往下滑，一面用左手往下伸去，将两卷预备线散开的线头 紧紧打成一个结。现在他一切都准备好了.除了手边正在用的这卷线之外，还有了三 卷四十啊长的备用线。「再多吃一点点吧,」他说：「好好地吃。」他心中暗自盘算
着,好好地吃吧，好让鱼钩伸进你的心脏，取走你小命。然后乖乖地浮上来，好让我
把鱼叉刺到你的身体里。好吧!准备好了吗？你这餐饭吃得够久了吧！
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”Now!" he said aloud and struck hard with both hands， gained a yard of line and then struck again and again，swinging with each arm alternately on the cord with all the strength of his arms and the pivoted weight of his body。
Nothing happened. The fish just moved away slowly and the old man could not raise him an inch. His line was strong and made for heavy fish and he held it against his back until it was so taut that beads of water were jumping from it. Then it began to make a slow hissing sound in the water and he still held it， bracing himself against the thwart and leaning back against the pull. The boat began to move slowly off toward the northwest。
「就是现在!」他大声地说，两只手便开始使劲地拉,总算把鱼线拉回了一码长，然后 两手交替着继续不断地拉,不但使尽了所有的手肩力量，连作为主轴的身体，也全都 用上了重量。徒劳无功地。鱼只是慢慢地游走,老人连一吋都提不起来。还好他的鱼 线是专为捕大鱼所设计的，十分地坚固。他把线绳横跨在背上，紧紧握住，紧得连 绳子上都挤出水珠来了.线绳在水里发出了缓慢的嘶嘶声，老人让自己在小船的坐板 上坐稳,双手仍紧握着鱼线，他吃力地将身体往后靠，以抵抗鱼往前拖的力量.船开始 缓慢地朝向西北方移动了。
-——-—-——---—-—-—-—--—-—-—-—-—-—---—--—--—-————-—--—-——— -——-———--—-—---————--——--———----—---—-——---—-———-—-———----———-——---——-------——----—-—-———--—-——-—--———————— —---——-— Part 15
The fish moved steadily and they travelled slowly on the calm water. The other baits were still in the water but there was nothing to be done. "I wish I had the boy，” the old man said aloud。
"I’m being towed by a fish and I'm the towing bit。
I could make the line fast. But then he could break it. I must hold him all I can and give him line when he must have it. Thank God he is travelling and not going down.” 鱼很稳定地移动，老人和它在平静的水面上一起缓慢地移动着。其它几个鱼饵仍然 在水中，但是已经无暇顾之了。「我真希望小男孩在我身边。」老人大声地说：「现 在,我竟成了栓在绳子上的杆子一般，被这条鱼拖着走。如果我把线死死地固定住了 的话,这条鱼准会把它给挣断。我必须使尽所有力量跟着它,才能在必要时放出线来。
感谢上帝保佑，它是往前游，而不是往下沉。」 What I will do if he decides to go down， I don’t know. What I'll do if he sounds and dies I don’t know. But I'll do something。There are plenty of things I can do. He held the line against his back and watched its slant in the water and the skiff moving steadily to the northwest. This will kill him, the old man thought. He can't do this forever。
But four hours later the fish was still swimming steadily out to sea， towing the skiff， and the old man was still braced solidly with the line across his back. 我实在不晓得，如果它决定往下沉时，我该怎么办呢？假如它潜入水底死了，我也 不晓得该怎么办。但是我总会想出点办法来的，应该会有很多对策来应付的.他把鱼 线横跨在背上，观察着斜入水中的鱼线，小船正稳定地朝西北方向移动。老人心想， 这样继续下去那条鱼也会完蛋的，它总不能永远这样撑着啊。但是四个小时过去了， 鱼还是很稳定地拖着小船游向大海，那绳子还依然牢牢地跨在老人的背上。
”It was noon when I hooked him,” he said. ”And I have never seen him。” He had pushed his straw hat hard down on his head before he hooked the fish and it was cutting his forehead。
He was thirsty too and he got down on his knees and, being
careful not to jerk on the line, moved as far into the bow as he could get and reached the water bottle with one hand。
He opened it and drank a little. Then he rested against the bow。
He rested sitting on the un-stepped mast and sail and tried not to think but only to endure。
「我在中午钓到它,」他说，「直到现在，都还没有看过它呢?」他还没有钓到鱼之前， 一直都将头上的草帽用力地往下压，使得他的额头现在像是被割过般的发疼。他的 口也渴了,为了怕触动鱼线,他跪下来,尽量小心翼翼地将一只手伸向船头拿水瓶.他打 开水瓶喝了点水，然后坐在船桅杆和帆座上，靠着船头休息，尽量叫自己不要去想 什么，只要忍耐就是了。
Then he looked behind him and saw that no land was visible. That makes no difference, he thought. I can always come in on the glow from Havana. There are two more hours before the sunsets and maybe he will come up before that. If he doesn’t maybe he will come up with the moon。
If he does not do that maybe he will come up with the sunrise。
I have no cramps and I feel strong. It is he that has the hook in his mouth. But what a fish to pull like that。
He must have his mouth shut tight on the wire. I wish I could see him。
I wish I could see him only once to know what I have against me. 他回头望了望，发现已经完全看不见陆地了。他想，这也没什么关系，哈瓦那那儿 的光总会指引我进港的.离太阳下山还有两个小时，也许那鱼在太阳下山之前就会浮 出水面了。如果没有的话,或许它会和月亮一起出现.而如果再不是的话，它大概就会 和明天的太阳一起升起。我不常抽筋，而且感觉自己还很健壮，何况嘴里衔着鱼钩 的是那条鱼哩.可是，能这样拖着渔船走的鱼，真是不可思议。它一定是把嘴巴闭得 紧紧地，咬着钓上的铁线。真希望能看看它,只要一眼就行，好让我晓得到底是什么 在与我作对.
The fish never changed his course nor his direction all that night as far as the man could tell from watching the stars。
It was cold after the sun went down and the old man’s sweat dried cold on his back and his arms and his old legs. During the day he had taken the sack that covered the bait box and spread it in the sun to dry. After the sun went down he tied it around his neck so that it hund down over his back and he cautiously worked it down under the line that was across his shoulders now. 一整夜鱼都没改变它的航道或航向。老人从观察星象就可以知道了。太阳下山之后 空气变得很凉，老人的手臂、背脊，和他那一双老腿上的汗都干了，使他更觉冰冷。
白天的时候他拿出了一个用来盖鱼饵箱的袋子，把它放在太阳下晒干.太阳下山后， 他便把那个袋子围在脖子上绑着,让它垂披在背上，把袋子垫在横跨肩膀的鱼线下。
-—-———--—————--——-—----—————---———--——-———————--— —----——--—--—---———--—---—-——--——-----—--—-—-———--—--—-—---—-———-————-—-——---————--——-——-—--—---————--—--——-—-— -—--—-Part 16 The sack cushioned the line and he had found a way of leaning forward against the bow so that he was almost comfortable。
The position actually was only somewhat less intolerable；
but he thought of it as almost comfortable. I can do nothing with him and he can do nothing with me, he thought. Not as long as he keeps this up。
Once he stood up and urinated over the side of the skiff and looked at the stars and checked his course. The line showed like a photographer streak in the water straight out from his shoulders. 有了袋子垫在鱼线下，再加上他找到了可以依靠着船头的方法，他几乎可说还过得 蛮舒服的。而事实上，他现在的姿势只不过是没那么难受而已，但在那时候，他认
为这样几乎可说是非常舒服了。他心想，我和这条鱼都拿彼此没办法.就看谁能撑得 比较久了。他站起来在船边撒了一泡尿,顺便看了看星辰，分析一下现在的航道.水中 的鱼线，像是一条从他肩上一直延伸下去的发光线条。
QF22813 591D 夝 cK34784 87E0 蟠
They were moving more slowly now and the glow of Havana was not so strong， so that he knew the current must be carrying them to the eastward。
If I lose the glare of Havana we must be going more to the eastward, he thought。
For if the fish's course held true I must see it for many more hours。
I wonder how the baseball came out in the grand leagues today, he thought. It would be wonderful to do this with a radio。
Then he thought， think of it always. Think of what you are doing. You must do nothing stupid。
Then he said aloud, "I wish I had the boy. To help me and to see this。” 现在他们移动的速度比较缓慢了，而哈瓦那上面的光也显得更渺茫了。他判断水流 正把他们往东边送去。如果我看不见哈瓦那的光了，那就证明我们一定正朝着偏东 的方向行走，他心想。如果原先的航向一直没变的话,我应该还有很多的时间是看得 到哈瓦那的才对。不知道今天职业棒球大联盟比赛的结果如何？他心想.捕鱼时能有 一台收音机多好，但是他心想，总是这么想想而已.还是想想你现在正在做的事,你千 万不能做傻事啊。他大声地说：「真希望那男孩在身边啊，好帮帮我的忙，并且可 以亲眼看看现在的情形.」 No one should be alone in their old age, he thought。
But it is unavoidable。
I must remember to eat the tuna before he spoils in order to keep strong。
Remember, no matter how little you want to， that you must eat him in the morning。
Remember, he said to himself。
During the night two porpoises came around the boat and he
could hear them rolling and blowing. He could tell the difference between the blowing noise the male made and the sighing blow of the female. ”They are good,” he said. "They play and make jokes and love one another. They are our brothers like the flying fish." 他想，任何人上了年纪之后，都不应该独处。可是,那是无法避免的。为了保持体力， 我一定要记得在鲔鱼没有坏掉之前把它吃了.切记,不管你多么不想吃,早上你一定要 吃。切记，他对自己这么叮咛着.晚间,船边来了两只海豚，他可以听见它们在那里翻 滚和喷水。他还能分辨出是公海豚所发出的喷水声,或是母海豚所发出的叹息声。「它 们真是很好的一对,」他说。「一起玩、一起嬉闹,又彼此相爱.它们和飞鱼一样，是我 们跑船人的兄弟。」 Then he began to pity the great fish that he had hooked. He is wonderful and strange and who knows how old he is， he thought. Never have I had such a strong fish nor one who acted so strangely. Perhaps he is too wise to jump。
He could ruin me by jumping or by a wild rush。
But perhaps he has been hooked many times before and he knows that this is how he should make his fight。
He cannot know that it is only one man against him， nor that it is an old man. But what great fish he is and what will he bring in the markets if the flesh is good. 然后，他开始可怜那条已经上钩的大鱼。他想它如此神勇、特别，谁晓得它到底有 多大年纪了呢？我从来就没有遇见过一条这么强壮、但又表现得如此反常的鱼.也许 是他太聪明了，所以不跳出来。它只要那么一跳,或者猛撞一下就可以把我搞垮的。
也许它曾经上钩很多次，所以知道这就是应战之道。但是它绝对不会知道,现在和它 对抗的只是一个人,更不会晓得,他只不过是一个老头子.话说回来，这条鱼还真大啊！ 如果它的肉够鲜的话，市场上不知可以值多少价钱呢。
He took the bait like a male and he pulls like a male and his fight has no panic in it. I wonder if he has any plans or if he is just as desperate as I am? He remembered the time he had hooked one of a pair of marlin. The male fish always let the female fish feed first and the hooked fish, the female, made a wild, panic—stricken, despairing fight that soon exhausted her， and all the time the male had stayed with her, crossing the line and circling with her on the surface。
看它吃鱼饵和拉扯鱼线的方式，都像一条公鱼，而它面对这场战斗也毫不惊慌。我 怀疑它是否有了什么样的计划,或者它只是像我一样地绝望呢?他还记得他从前钓到 一对马林鱼其中一只时的情形。由于公鱼总是让母鱼先捕食，因而他钩上的是条母 鱼;那条母鱼惊慌疯狂又绝望地挣扎着，很快地就把体力消耗殆尽了。在整个过程中, 公鱼都守在她旁边，公鱼游过鱼线，同母鱼在水面上绕转。
———--—--—-—-——--———--—--——-—————---—-——-—-—-----—------—————-—--—-—-—-—-—---—----——-————————-—-——---——-—---— ——--—---———--—————-—-—-——-————---—-—---————-—-—————-——————Part 17 He had stayed so close that the old man was afraid he would cut the line with his tail which was sharp as a scythe and almost of that size and shape。
When the old man had gaffed her and clubbed her， holding the rapier bill with its sandpaper edge and clubbing her across the top of her head until her color turned to a color almost like the backing of mirrors， and then, with the boy's aid， hoisted her aboard， the male fish had stayed by the side of the boat. 它靠得那么近,使得老人害怕它会用那大小和形状都像把大鎌刀的锋利尾巴把鱼线剪 断。老人用鱼叉刺母鱼，再握住她那形如茅钩、边缘却粗糙如砂纸的尖嘴，用棒棍
篇五：以双减为主题的论文参考文献
旅游总体规划
调查资料清单
Ⅰ、背景资料清单
（一）图纸
1、市行政区划、交通地图
2、规划区 1：10000、1：5000、或 1：2000 地形图
（二）相关背景资料
1、上一级镇体系规划、城市总体规划、规划区上轮总体规划以及其他的上位规划
2、国民经济与社会发展的“十二五”规划
3、规划区统计年鉴（近 10 年）
4、市、县志及专业志等（如交通志、建设志）
5、规划区内土地利用规划及基本农田保护区的相关资料（文字或图纸）
6、各类专项规划（如交通规划、生态规划、旅游规划、给排水规划、防灾规划等）
7、旅游业发展（十三五规划）
8、市/县旅游发展总体规划
9、城市规划编制技术规定
【民政局、地名办】
10、 其他资料：山岳、峡谷等特殊地貌、典型地质现象、地质剖面；有地方和民族特色
的村寨、民居、集市和节庆活动、风土民情；有关地震、断层、滑坡、泥石流、水
土流失等情况
Ⅱ、基础资料调查清单
第一部分 镇域概况与社会经济 一、自然条件：
1、城市所处的经纬度地震（地质勘探资料、工程地质及基本地震烈度和设防标准）【市 （县）志】
2、城市与周边城市或地区在地理特征方面的相互关系 【市（县）志】 3、地形地貌：包括坡态、坡度、坡向、标高、地貌等【市（县）志】 4、工程地质：包括地质构造、地质现象（如滑坡、冲沟、沼泽地等）、地震、地基承
载力、地下矿藏等【市（县）志】 5、水文地质：包括江河流量、流速、水位、水质、地下水储量和可开采量、地下水质、
水位等，在调查中要特别注意江河湖的洪水位对城市及周边地区的影响以及洪水淹 没范围的变化情况【市（县）志】 6、风象：主要内容包括风向、风速，以及其他风象如静风、山谷风、等的频次与特征 等。提供风向玫瑰图。【市（县）志】 7、气温：包括年和月平均温度，最高和最低气温、昼夜平均温差、霜期【市（县）志】 8、降雨：包括雨量、降雨强度，掌握暴雨量公式 9、日照：调查日照时数、可照时数、太阳高度与日照方位的关系等 10、 自然生态：主要涉及到城市及周边地区的野生动、植物种类与分布，生物资源、自 然植被、城市废弃物的处置与生态环境的影响等 11、 矿产资源：境内主要矿产种类、储量、品位、开采条件、分布及目前开发利用情况
12、 土壤资源：总面积，其中耕地、林地、水面、道路及城镇占地面积，土地利用特点
13、 旅游资源：主要景点的等级及介绍
二、历史沿革：
1、建制沿革及历史文化发展概况
【地名办】
2、历史风貌特色
三、经济环境调查：
1、整体的经济状况：包括城市经济总量及其增长变化情况、城市整体的产业结构、三
次产业的比例、工农业总产值及各自的比重等、以及就当地资源状况而言的优势产
业与未来发展状况
2、一、二、三产业的经济状况
四、人口与劳动力：
1、调查的主要内容包括规划区内的总人口
2、人口的历年变化情况（重点是人口的自然增长率、机械增长率）
3、城镇人口总数（或非农业人口），年龄及性别构成、文化构成、行业构成，人口和流
动人口数量
4、规划范围内各行政村、自然村名称、总人口、耕地面积、生产总值、特色农业等基
本情况
第二部分 行业调查
一、居住：
1、包括总的居住用地面积、各类型居住用地的面积（一、二、三、四大类）、主要地段
的居住分布情况、建筑质量等【建委、规划国土局、房产局】
二、公共设施：
（一） 行政办公：类型、分布、建筑总面积、使用情况
（二） 商业金融：商业网点
1、主要零售商业设施的分布、建筑总面积、用地情况
【商业局】
2、市区内金融网点的分布
【商业局】
3、宾馆、旅店、餐饮业分布和规模
【工商局】
4、各类市场（批发市场、农贸市场）的位置、占地面积、建筑面积、摊位数
【工商局】
5、商业和市场建设的发展构想
【工商局】
（三）文化娱乐
1、市区内各类文化娱乐设施（影剧院等）分布和规模
【文化局】
2、文化娱乐设施建设的规划设想
【文化局】
（四）体育
1、市区内体育设施的分布、占地面积、建设规模
【体委】
2、体育设施的建设和体育事业发展的构想
【体委】
（五）医疗卫生
1、市区内各卫生院（所）的分布、占地面积、床位数、医护人员数
【卫生局】
2、其他卫生机构（防疫站、卫校等）位置规模
【卫生局】
3、医疗卫生设施的发展构想
【卫生局】
（六）教育科研
1、市区教育机构、各级学校的分布、规模（中学、小学、特殊教育学校等统计：
位置、占地面积、教师数、学生数）
【教委】
2、教育机构、学校等发展建设构想
【教委】
3、科研机构、单位的数量、分布、研究方向、发展构想
【科委】
（七）宗教福利
1、社会福利机构（福利院、敬老院等）的分布、规模、发展构想 【民政局】
2、市区内各种宗教机构的分布和类型
【民政局】
三、工业
【工业局、乡镇企业】
1、市区内主要工业企业统计（厂名、地址、所有制性质、占地规模、产品、职工数，
年货运量、主要货运品种）
【工业局、乡镇企业】
2、工业经济发展报告或计划，工业发展规划和设想
【计委、经委、工业局】
四、仓储
主要仓储基本情况：位置、种类、用地规模、货物来源及去向、库存量、所属部门
第三部分 交通
一、对外交通
1、公路、铁路及有关设施现状（公路等级、长度、断面宽度和车道数，汽车站、铁
路客货运站的规模、分布等）
2、市区内公路名称、等级、长度、断面宽度和车道数，包括图纸和文字材料
3、长途车站的分布、占地规模、发车的通达地点
4、公路、铁路的客运、货运量的统计（近五年）、主要的客运、货运的流向
6、公路、铁路部门的规划发展设想
【交通局、铁路局、公路局】
二、市区交通现状
1、市区现状道路路网及路名图
【建委】
2、市区道路、桥梁和广场情况统计（道路和桥的名称、等级、功能、长度、宽度、
红线宽度、断面形式、以及广场规模、分布）
【建委】
3、历年市区机动车和其他车辆的增长统计
【交通局】
4、市区停车设施的规模和分布
【交通局】
5、公共交通线路、场站、车辆和运营情况，出租车保有量和运营情况
6、通扬运河等河流通航、码头、港口情况
【交通局】
第四部分 园林绿化 一、园林绿化：
【园林局】 1、市区公共绿地的数量、面积、设施水平与分布及服务范围 2、市区专用绿地（如大型工业厂区、事业单位的专用绿地）的数量、面积与分布 3、市区道路绿地的数量、面积与分布 4、市区防护绿地的数量、面积、作用与分布 5、市区生产性绿地的数量、面积与分布 6．常见树种、花卉 7．园林绿化存在问题及发展设想
一、历史环境：
第五部分 历史环境与旅游
1、自然环境的特色，如地形、地貌、河道的形态及与城市的关系；【文化局】 2、文物古迹的特色，如历史遗迹等；【文化局】 3、开发建设格局的特色；【文化局】 4、城市轮廓景观，主要建筑物和绿化空间的特色；【文化局】 5、建筑风格；【文化局】 6、其他物质和精神的特色，如土产、特产、工艺美术、民俗、风情等。【文化局】
二、旅游 1、旅游资源普查（报告、图件）【旅游局】 2、区县旅游发展规划（报告、图件）【旅游局】 3、历年旅游经济数据【旅游局】 4、历年游客统计【旅游局】 5、旅游管理体制【旅游局】 6、旅游人力资源现状及发展规划【旅游局】 7、旅游信息服务现状与规划（报告、图件）【旅游局】 8、旅游市场营销现状与规划 9、市区内的文物保护单位分布、年代、特征【旅游局】 10、 市区内的历史文化、人文景观情况【旅游局】 11、 市区旅游资源概述、评价【旅游局】 12、 现状旅游人口及构成、旅游业总产值、主要旅游产品【旅游局】 13、 现有的游线组织【旅游局】 14、 各风景旅游名胜区开发设想和规划设想【旅游局】
第六部分 环境保护 【环保局】
l、市区内主要污染源的种类、数量、分布 2、市区监测点的大气环境监测报告，河流、水质监测报告，噪声环境监测报告 3．市区主要污染大户的情况：位置、污染种类、排放量 4、现状环境保护措施及实际效果 5、存在问题及发展设想
第七部分 市政设施 一、供电工程资料
【市电力局】 1、 包括现状日、年用电量（农业、工业、生活）、平均用电负荷、最高用电负荷；变
电站布点、用地面积、等级；电网走向、等级 二、燃气工程资料
【城建局、市政管理部门】 1、 包括现状用气量、气种、气源、气化率；现状输配气管网分布、管径） 三、通信资料
【邮政局】 【电信局】 1、 包括电信设施及电信电缆（或电讯导管）的布置、走向；电信网点的布点、容量、 用地面积；移动通讯、无线寻呼业务、公用电话服务；邮政网点布点、用地面积
四、给水工程资料 【自来水公司】【水厂】
1、 包括水源地点、水质等级、水源保护现状；现状用水量、供水普及率、供水压力；
现状水厂布点、用地面积、地址；现状配水管网的分布、管径
五．市区排水工程资料 【城建局市政管理部门】【污水处理厂】
1、 包括污水排放设施、地点、处理手段、污水处理率；现状污水排水管网的分布、管 径；污水处理设施布点、用地面积；雨水排水管网的分布、管径；涵闸现状
六、防灾资料 【市区防洪水利部门】【消防队】【市区人防部门】【地震局】
1、 包括人防工程现状布置、设施；抗震防灾现状设施、措施；避震疏散道路；防洪、 排涝的设施分布、标准；消防站、消防大队、消防栓等设施分布、消防装备，消防 供水现状
六、环境卫生资料 【环境保护局】【城建局环卫管理部门】【垃圾处理厂（填埋场）】
1、 各类废弃物量，废弃物收集、运输、排放、废弃物无害化处理状况，垃圾处理场、 收集及中转站、果壳箱、垃圾箱（桶）、公共厕所的分布，环卫专用车辆及停车场、 进城车辆冲洗站，其他环卫机构